Radauer Christian, Breiteneder Heimo
Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Sep;120(3):518-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.07.024. Epub 2007 Aug 8.
The majority of plant food allergens can be grouped into just 4 protein families. This review summarizes the evolutionary relationships of allergenic and nonallergenic members of these families. Proteins from the prolamin superfamily have been described in vascular plants. This superfamily contains several allergenic (2S albumins, nonspecific lipid transfer proteins, and cereal amylase and protease inhibitors) and nonallergenic (hybrid proline-rich proteins, cereal indolines, and alpha-globulins) member families. The cupin superfamily comprises numerous functionally highly diverse protein families from all groups of organisms. However, allergenicity within the cupins is confined to the vicilin and legumin seed storage proteins. Profilins are ubiquitous eukaryotic proteins that are nonallergenic, with the exception of profilins from flowering plants. Finally, the Bet v 1 superfamily contains the pathogenesis-related proteins 10 family, the family of major latex proteins and ripening-related proteins, the norcoclaurine synthases, and the cytokinin-binding proteins, with pathogenesis-related proteins 10 family members from certain taxa being the only allergenic members. The study of the distribution of allergenic and nonallergenic members of protein families will provide new insights into the evolution of allergenicity and the factors that make proteins allergenic.
大多数植物性食物过敏原可归为仅4个蛋白质家族。本综述总结了这些家族中过敏性和非过敏性成员的进化关系。来自醇溶蛋白超家族的蛋白质已在维管植物中被描述。这个超家族包含几个过敏性（2S清蛋白、非特异性脂质转移蛋白、谷物淀粉酶和蛋白酶抑制剂）和非过敏性（富含脯氨酸的杂合蛋白、谷物吲哚蛋白和α球蛋白）成员家族。豆球蛋白超家族包含来自所有生物类群的众多功能高度多样的蛋白质家族。然而，豆球蛋白中的过敏性仅限于豌豆球蛋白和豆球蛋白种子贮藏蛋白。肌动蛋白结合蛋白是普遍存在的真核蛋白质，除了来自开花植物的肌动蛋白结合蛋白外均无过敏性。最后，Bet v 1超家族包含病程相关蛋白10家族、主要乳胶蛋白和成熟相关蛋白家族、去甲乌药碱合酶以及细胞分裂素结合蛋白，某些分类群中的病程相关蛋白10家族成员是唯一的过敏性成员。对蛋白质家族中过敏性和非过敏性成员分布的研究将为过敏性的进化以及使蛋白质具有过敏性的因素提供新的见解。
