Alonzi Roberto, Padhani Anwar R, Allen Clare
Marie Curie Research Wing, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood, Middlesex, HA6 2RN, United Kingdom.
Eur J Radiol. 2007 Sep;63(3):335-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.06.028. Epub 2007 Aug 8.
Angiogenesis is an integral part of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is associated with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and is key to the growth and for metastasis of prostate cancer. Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) using small molecular weight gadolinium chelates enables non-invasive imaging characterization of tissue vascularity. Depending on the technique used, data reflecting tissue perfusion, microvessel permeability surface area product, and extracellular leakage space can be obtained. Two dynamic MRI techniques (T2*-weighted or susceptibility based and T1-weighted or relaxivity enhanced methods) for prostate gland evaluations are discussed in this review with reference to biological basis of observations, data acquisition and analysis methods, technical limitations and validation. Established clinical roles of T1-weighted imaging evaluations will be discussed including lesion detection and localisation, for tumour staging and for the detection of suspected tumour recurrence. Limitations include inadequate lesion characterisation particularly differentiating prostatitis from cancer, and in distinguishing between BPH and central gland tumours.
血管生成是良性前列腺增生（BPH）的一个组成部分，与前列腺上皮内瘤变（PIN）相关，并且是前列腺癌生长和转移的关键。使用小分子钆螯合物的动态对比增强磁共振成像（DCE-MRI）能够对组织血管进行无创成像表征。根据所使用的技术，可以获得反映组织灌注、微血管通透性表面积乘积和细胞外渗漏空间的数据。本综述讨论了两种用于前列腺评估的动态MRI技术（基于T2*加权或敏感性的方法以及基于T1加权或弛豫增强的方法），并参考了观察的生物学基础、数据采集和分析方法、技术局限性及验证情况。还将讨论T1加权成像评估已确立的临床作用，包括病变检测和定位、肿瘤分期以及疑似肿瘤复发的检测。局限性包括病变特征描述不足，特别是难以区分前列腺炎和癌症，以及难以区分BPH和中央腺体肿瘤。
