Ryba Nancy L, Brodsky Stanley L, Shlosberg Amy
Psychology Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, 445 W. 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA.
Assessment. 2007 Sep;14(3):300-9. doi: 10.1177/1073191110730284.
Minimal information is available regarding the frequency with which practitioners conduct evaluations of capacity to waive Miranda rights or what approaches they use in doing so. Grisso's Instruments for Assessing Understanding and Appreciation of Miranda Rights are the only published instruments designed specifically to assist practitioners in these evaluations. The instruments have been criticized for limited normative data in the test manual and the minimal guidance offered for interpreting results. A survey of practitioners was conducted to determine the nature and frequency of the use of these instruments. Of 401 respondents, 91% were engaged in forensic practice, and 26% had conducted evaluations of one's capacity to waive Miranda rights. Of those conducting Miranda evaluations, 44% had used Grisso's Miranda instruments. Practitioners' responses regarding the ways the instruments are used are reported. Suggestions are offered for informed practice, and related strengths and weaknesses of the instruments are identified.
关于从业者对放弃米兰达权利能力进行评估的频率以及他们在评估中所采用的方法，可获取的信息极少。格里索的《米兰达权利理解与认知评估工具》是唯一专门为协助从业者进行此类评估而出版的工具。这些工具因测试手册中的规范性数据有限以及对结果解释提供的指导极少而受到批评。为确定这些工具的使用性质和频率，对从业者进行了一项调查。在401名受访者中，91%从事法医工作，26%曾对某人放弃米兰达权利的能力进行过评估。在进行米兰达评估的人员中，44%使用过格里索的米兰达工具。报告了从业者关于工具使用方式的回应。针对明智的实践提出了建议，并确定了这些工具相关的优点和缺点。
