Fukuhara Shunichi, Yamazaki Chikao, Hayashino Yasuaki, Higashi Takahiro, Eichleay Margaret A, Akiba Takashi, Akizawa Tadao, Saito Akira, Port Friedrich K, Kurokawa Kiyoshi
Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan.
Int J Health Care Finance Econ. 2007 Sep;7(2-3):217-31. doi: 10.1007/s10754-007-9017-8.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) affects 230,000 Japanese, with about 36,000 cases diagnosed each year. Recent increases in ESRD incidence are attributed mainly to increases in diabetes and a rapidly aging population. Renal transplantation is rare in Japan. In private dialysis clinics, the majority of treatment costs are paid as fixed fees per session and the rest are fee for service. Payments for hospital-based dialysis are either fee-for-service or diagnosis-related. Dialysis is widely available, but reimbursement rates have recently been reduced. Clinical outcomes of dialysis are better in Japan than in other countries, but this may change given recent ESRD cost containment policies.
终末期肾病（ESRD）影响着23万日本人，每年约有3.6万例被诊断出来。ESRD发病率最近的上升主要归因于糖尿病患者的增加和人口的迅速老龄化。肾移植在日本很少见。在私立透析诊所，大部分治疗费用按每次固定费用支付，其余为服务费。医院透析的费用支付方式要么是按服务收费，要么是按诊断相关收费。透析服务广泛可得，但报销率最近有所降低。日本透析的临床结果比其他国家更好，但鉴于最近的ESRD成本控制政策，这种情况可能会改变。
