Advances in the development of molecular tools for the control of bovine babesiosis in Mexico.

The severe negative impact that bovine babesiosis has in the Mexican cattle industry has not been ameliorated basically due to the lack of safe and effective commercially available vaccines and sensitive and reliable diagnostic tests. In recent years, the Bovine Babesiosis Laboratory at the National Center for Disciplinary Research in Veterinary Parasitology-INIFAP in Morelos State, Mexico has been directing efforts towards three main research areas: (1) The development of in vitro culture-derived, improved and safer live vaccines. This has been done in two ways: using gamma-irradiated bovine serum and erythrocytes for the in vitro culture of vaccine strains, which reduces the risk of contaminating pathogens, and improving the immune response, by the addition of L. casei, a strong stimulant of the innate immune system. (2) The study of antigens considered as vaccine candidates with the goal of developing a recombinant vaccine that suits the country's needs. Knowing their degree of conservation or variation in Mexican isolates, their phylogenetic relationship and their protective, immuno-stimulatory properties, are first steps towards that goal. (3) The development of new tools for diagnosis, detection and discrimination of bovine babesiosis is the third area. Developing variants of ELISA, which are more reliable than the currently used IFAT, are a priority, and finally, taking advantage of the genomes of Babesia bigemina, and B. bovis, we are identifying genes than allow us to discriminate isolates using molecular tools.