Campbell Fiona E
Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2007 Sep;37(5):949-62, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2007.05.006.
Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is the primary cardiac consequence of pulmonary disease. It develops as alveolar hypoxia of pulmonary disease, coupled with vasoactive and mitogenic substances released from pulmonary endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells damaged by the primary disease process, mediates arterial vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling to raise pulmonary vascular resistance. Independent of the underlying pulmonary disease, PHT produces clinical signs of respiratory distress, exercise intolerance, syncope, and right heart failure. Diagnosis of PHT is made by estimation of pulmonary artery pressures by means of continuous-wave Doppler echocardiographic assessment of tricuspid or pulmonic regurgitant flow velocity. Treatment of PHT is directed at the underlying pulmonary disease but may also aim to attenuate pulmonary artery pressure and limit the clinical sequelae of PHT. No treatments are of proven benefit in veterinary patients; irrespective of the nature of the inciting pulmonary disease, the prognosis is often grave.
肺动脉高压（PHT）是肺部疾病的主要心脏后果。它是由于肺部疾病引起的肺泡缺氧，再加上原发性疾病过程中受损的肺内皮细胞和血管平滑肌细胞释放的血管活性物质和促有丝分裂物质，介导动脉血管收缩和血管重塑，从而增加肺血管阻力。与潜在的肺部疾病无关，PHT会产生呼吸窘迫、运动不耐受、晕厥和右心衰竭的临床症状。通过连续波多普勒超声心动图评估三尖瓣或肺动脉反流流速来估计肺动脉压力，从而诊断PHT。PHT的治疗针对潜在的肺部疾病，但也可能旨在降低肺动脉压力并限制PHT的临床后遗症。在兽医患者中，尚无经证实有效的治疗方法；无论引发肺部疾病的性质如何，预后通常都很严重。
