Gauthier Lewis T, Hebert Craig E, Weseloh D V Chip, Letcher Robert J
Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Jul 1;41(13):4561-7. doi: 10.1021/es0630487.
Of the 13, current-use, non-polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants (FRs) monitored, hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), pentabromotoluene (PBT), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) and alpha- and gamma-isomers of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and the syn- and anti-isomers of the chlorinated Dechlorane Plus (DP) were quantified in egg pools of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) collected in 2004 from six sites in all five of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. alpha-HBCD concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 20 ng/g (wet weight (ww)). Other "new" FR levels ranged from 0.004 to 1.4 ng/g ww and were much lower than those of the major BDE congeners that are in technical mixtures (namely BDE-47, -99, -100), where sigma3PBDE ranged from 186 to 498 ng/g ww. Nineteen hepta-BDEs (sigma(hepta) = 4.9-11 ng/g ww), octa-BDEs (alpha(octa) = 2.6-9.1 ng/g ww), and nona-BDEs (sigma(nona) = 0.12-5.6 ng/g ww) were detectible at all six colonies, while BDE-209 was low but quantifiable (< 0.1-0.21 ng/g ww) at two colonies. sigma-DP (syn- and anti-isomers) concentrations in eggs from all sites ranged from 1.5 to 4.5 ng/g ww. Our findings indicate that mother herring gulls are exposed to several, current-use flame retardants via their diet, and in ovo transfer occurred to their eggs. Given the aquatic diet of herring gull, this suggests that there are non-PBDE BFRs present in the gull-associated aquatic food web of the Great Lakes.
在监测的13种当前使用的非多溴二苯醚（PBDE）阻燃剂（FRs）中，六溴苯（HBB）、五溴乙苯（PBEB）、五溴甲苯（PBT）、1,2 - 双（2,4,6 - 三溴苯氧基）乙烷（BTBPE）以及六溴环十二烷（HBCD）的α - 和γ - 异构体，还有氯化十氯酮（DP）的顺式和反式异构体，在2004年从北美五大湖劳伦系所有五个湖的六个地点采集的银鸥（Larus argentatus）卵池中被定量分析。α - HBCD浓度范围为2.1至20纳克/克（湿重）。其他“新型”FRs水平范围为0.004至1.4纳克/克湿重，远低于技术混合物中主要的多溴二苯醚同系物（即BDE - 47、- 99、- 100）的水平，其中Σ3PBDE范围为186至498纳克/克湿重。在所有六个鸟群中均检测到19种七溴二苯醚（Σ（七溴）= 4.9 - 11纳克/克湿重）、八溴二苯醚（α（八溴）= 2.6 - 9.1纳克/克湿重）和九溴二苯醚（Σ（九溴）= 0.12 - 5.6纳克/克湿重），而在两个鸟群中BDE - 209含量较低但可定量（< 0.1 - 0.21纳克/克湿重）。所有地点卵中的Σ - DP（顺式和反式异构体）浓度范围为1.5至4.5纳克/克湿重。我们的研究结果表明，银鸥母亲通过其饮食接触到几种当前使用的阻燃剂，并且在卵内发生了向其卵的转移。鉴于银鸥的水生饮食，这表明五大湖与银鸥相关的水生食物网中存在非PBDE溴化阻燃剂。
