Mahler Stephan P, Adogwa Andrew O
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences/Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, The West Indies.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2008 Jan;35(1):80-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00356.x. Epub 2007 Aug 13.
To investigate the anatomy of the brachial plexus, sciatic, and femoral nerves for the use of a peripheral nerve-stimulator to perform nerve blocks in dogs.
Prospective experimental trial.
Four canine cadavers and four healthy adult dogs weighing 23 +/- 2.5 kg.
Phase I: in four canine cadavers, an anatomical study was conducted to evaluate accurate needle-insertion techniques. Phase II: the utility of these techniques, and the value of electrostimulation, were evaluated in four anesthetized dogs in lateral recumbency (medetomidine, 5 microg kg(-1)/ketamine 5 mg kg(-1)) using an electrical stimulator and shielded needles.
For the brachial plexus, the needle was inserted cranial to the acromion, medial to the subscapularis muscle, at an angle of approximately 20-30 degrees in relation to a plane vertical to the surface on which the animal was lying, oriented parallel to the long axis of the animal, in a ventro-caudal direction. For the sciatic nerve, the needle was inserted just cranial to the sacrotuberous ligament, through the gluteus superficialis muscle, at an angle of approximately 60 degrees in relation to the horizontal plane, in a ventro-cranial direction, and up to the level of the ischium. For the femoral nerve, the needle was inserted perpendicular to the skin, just cranial to the femoral artery, and directed a little caudally. Using a peripheral nerve-stimulator, all nerves were located, and muscle contractions were elicited at a current of 0.2-0.4 mA. No complications were observed during the procedures.
Electrostimulation of peripheral nerves is useful in locating the branches of the brachial plexus as well as the sciatic and femoral nerves in dogs.
Peripheral nerve stimulation increases the reliability of a nerve block when compared with blind needle-insertion.
研究臂丛神经、坐骨神经和股神经的解剖结构，以便使用外周神经刺激器对犬进行神经阻滞。
前瞻性实验性试验。
四只犬类尸体和四只体重为23±2.5千克的健康成年犬。
第一阶段：在四只犬类尸体上进行解剖学研究，以评估准确的进针技术。第二阶段：在四只侧卧的麻醉犬（美托咪定，5微克/千克（-1）/氯胺酮5毫克/千克（-1））中，使用电刺激器和屏蔽针评估这些技术的实用性以及电刺激的价值。
对于臂丛神经，进针点在肩峰头的头侧、肩胛下肌的内侧，相对于动物躺卧表面垂直的平面呈约20 - 30度角，与动物长轴平行，沿腹尾方向进针。对于坐骨神经，进针点在骶结节韧带的头侧，穿过臀浅肌，相对于水平面呈约60度角，沿腹头方向进针，直至坐骨水平。对于股神经，进针垂直于皮肤，在股动脉的头侧，稍向尾侧进针。使用外周神经刺激器，所有神经均被定位，在0.2 - 0.4毫安电流时引发肌肉收缩。手术过程中未观察到并发症。
外周神经电刺激有助于在犬中定位臂丛神经分支以及坐骨神经和股神经。
与盲目进针相比，外周神经刺激可提高神经阻滞的可靠性。
