Steroid treatment for severe childhood IgA nephropathy: a randomized, controlled trial.

A previous trial showed that treatment of children with severe IgA nephropathy (IgAN) using prednisolone, azathioprine, heparin-warfarin, and dipyridamole for 2 yr early in the course of disease reduced the severity of immunologic renal injury and prevented any increase in the percentage of sclerosed glomeruli. This study compared the effects of prednisolone, azathioprine, warfarin, and dipyridamole (combination) with those of prednisolone alone in 80 children with newly diagnosed IgAN that showed diffuse mesangial proliferation. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either the combination or prednisolone alone for 2 yr. The primary end point was the disappearance of proteinuria, defined as urinary protein excretion <0.1 g/m2 per d, and the secondary end points were urinary protein excretion at the end of treatment, the change in the percentage of sclerosed glomeruli during the trial, and adverse effects. The two study groups were similar in terms of baseline characteristics. Thirty-nine of the 40 patients who received the combination and 39 of the 40 who received prednisolone completed the trial. Thirty-six (92.3%) of the 39 patients who received the combination and 29 (74.4%) of the 39 who received prednisolone reached the primary end point by the 2-yr follow-up point (P = 0.007 log-rank). The percentage of sclerosed glomeruli was unchanged in the patients who received the combination but increased from 3.1 +/- 4.8 to 14.6 +/- 15.2% in the prednisolone group (P = 0.0003). The frequency of adverse effects was similar in the two groups. It is concluded that combination treatment may be better for severe IgAN than treatment with prednisolone alone.