Gaind Sunita, Rathi Maheshwar S, Kaushik Brahma D, Nain Lata, Verma Om P
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2007 Aug;42(6):663-8. doi: 10.1080/03601230701465759.
Survival of Mesorhizobium ciceri (SP(4)) and Azotobacter chroococcum (CBD-15 and M(4)) was tested on chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seeds treated with fungicides bavistin [methyl N-(1H-benzimidazol-2yl) carbamate] and thiram (tetramethyl-thiuram disulfide), whereas survival of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Pseudomonas striata (27) and Bacillus polymyxa (H(5)) was examined on two cultivars (Arkel and BV) of pea (Pisum sativum) seeds treated with thiram. Viability of Azotobacter chroococcum (W(5)) was also examined on wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds treated with bavistin, captan (cis-N-trichloromethyl thio-4 cyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboximide) and thiram under laboratory conditions using standard dilution and the plate count technique. All the tested strains of diazotrophs and PSB showed decline in their viable population on prolonged contact with fungicides. However, PSB showed variation in their viable population even with the cultivar. BV cultivar of pea seeds showed better recovery of viable P. striata (10.75 to 10.61 log no. of viable cells with in 0-24 hrs) in the presence of thiram, whereas the Arkel cultivar of pea resulted in better recovery of viable B. polymyxa. Azotobacter chroococcum (W(5)), a potential strain for wheat, showed better survival in the presence of bavistin, compared to thiram and captan. Higher viable population of Mesorhizobium ciceri (SP(4)) and Azotobacter chroococcum (M(4)) was recovered from chickpea seeds treated with bavistin compared to thiram. However, thiram-treated seeds resulted in a greater number of extractable Azotobacter chroococcum (CBD-15). Under field conditions, adverse effect of thiram was reflected on the performance of Mesorhizobium ciceri (SP(4)) and A. chroococcum (M(4)) strains, resulting in reduced root and shoot biomass and grain yield, compared to bavistin treated and culture inoculated treatment. CBD-15 showed better performance in the presence of thiram compared to bavistin.
在使用杀菌剂多菌灵（甲基 N-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基) 氨基甲酸酯）和福美双（四甲基秋兰姆二硫化物）处理过的鹰嘴豆（鹰嘴豆）种子上，测试了鹰嘴豆根瘤菌（SP(4)）和褐球固氮菌（CBD-15 和 M(4)）的存活率；而在使用福美双处理过的豌豆（豌豆）两个品种（阿尔凯尔和 BV）种子上，检测了溶磷细菌（PSB）、条纹假单胞菌（27）和多粘芽孢杆菌（H(5)）的存活率。在实验室条件下，使用标准稀释和平板计数技术，还检测了在使用多菌灵、克菌丹（顺-N-三氯甲基硫代-4-环己烷-1,2-二羧酰亚胺）和福美双处理过的小麦（普通小麦）种子上褐球固氮菌（W(5)）的活力。所有测试的固氮菌和 PSB 菌株在与杀菌剂长时间接触后，其活菌数量均下降。然而，即使对于不同品种，PSB 的活菌数量也存在差异。在福美双存在的情况下，豌豆种子的 BV 品种显示条纹假单胞菌活菌数量恢复较好（0 - 24 小时内活菌数量从 10.75 降至 10.61 log），而豌豆的阿尔凯尔品种则使多粘芽孢杆菌活菌数量恢复更好。对于小麦的潜在菌株褐球固氮菌（W(5)），与福美双和克菌丹相比，在多菌灵存在时存活情况更好。与福美双相比, 从用多菌灵处理过的鹰嘴豆种子中回收的鹰嘴豆根瘤菌（SP(4)）和褐球固氮菌（M(4)）活菌数量更多。然而，用福美双处理过种子可提取的褐球固氮菌（CBD-15）数量更多。在田间条件下，福美双的不利影响反映在鹰嘴豆根瘤菌（SP(4)）和褐球固氮菌（M(4)）菌株的表现上，与用多菌灵处理并接种培养物的处理相比，导致根和地上部生物量以及籽粒产量降低。与多菌灵相比，CBD-15 在福美双存在时表现更好。
