McCall Brian P, Horwitz Irwin B, Carr Bethanie S
Industrial Relations Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2007 Sep;41(3):248-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.02.004. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
Injuries to adolescents from occupational activities has been recognized as a significant public health concern. The objective of this study was to quantify adolescent injury rates, analyze risk factors, and measure the severity of injuries sustained using Oregon workers' compensation data.
From 1990-1997, a total of 8060 workers' compensation claims, submitted by claimants 16-19 years old, were accepted by Oregon and used in these analyses. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics were used to derive injury rates.
An overall estimated claim rate of 134.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 124.9-143.6) per 10,000 adolescent workers was found, with males having over twice the rate of females. The total average annual claim cost was $3,168,457, representing $3145 per claim. The average total temporary disability period per claim was 22.3 days. Precision production workers had the highest claim rate of 296.2 (95% CI 178.9-413.4) and highest associated costs ($8266) for all occupations, whereas those in the farming/fishing/forestry occupation had the longest average periods of indemnification with 31.6 days. Day shift workers had the highest claim rates and most severe injuries relative to other shifts.
The injury rates found among adolescent workers demonstrates that continued safety interventions and increased training are needed. Because of high claim rate and injury severity, particular attention should be focused on adolescents in food service, manufacturing, and agricultural occupations. Understanding the differences of adolescent circadian rhythm patterns in establishing work schedules and supervisory practices could also prove valuable for decreasing injury risk.
青少年因职业活动而受伤已被视为一个重大的公共卫生问题。本研究的目的是利用俄勒冈州的工伤赔偿数据，量化青少年的受伤率，分析风险因素，并衡量所遭受伤害的严重程度。
1990年至1997年期间，俄勒冈州共受理了8060份由16至19岁索赔人提交的工伤赔偿申请，并用于这些分析。劳工统计局的数据被用来计算受伤率。
每10000名青少年工人中，总体估计索赔率为134.2（95%置信区间[CI]124.9 - 143.6），男性的索赔率是女性的两倍多。每年的索赔总成本平均为3168457美元，即每份索赔3145美元。每份索赔的平均总临时残疾期为22.3天。在所有职业中，精密生产工人的索赔率最高，为296.2（95%CI 178.9 - 413.4），相关成本也最高（8266美元），而从事农业/渔业/林业职业的人平均赔偿期最长，为31.6天。与其他班次相比，日班工人的索赔率最高，受伤也最严重。
青少年工人的受伤率表明需要持续进行安全干预并加强培训。由于索赔率高且伤害严重，应特别关注食品服务、制造业和农业职业中的青少年。在制定工作时间表和监督措施时，了解青少年昼夜节律模式的差异对于降低受伤风险也可能很有价值。
