Merluzzi F, Manno M, Costa G, Colombi A
Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università degli Studi di Milano.
Med Lav. 1991 Mar-Apr;82(2):173-83.
The curriculum of Italian Medical School of the Faculty of Medicine has been recently renewed at a national level. Considering the numerous innovations introduced, a new role has been attributed to the teaching of occupational health, particularly occupational medicine. Occupational Medicine is usually regarded as a part of community medicine and, despite the fact that occupational disease may be in decline in industrially developed countries, the increasing concern regarding environmental pollution related health effects, stress the relevance of the methodologies already formulated within the occupational health disciplines. Of all environmental factors, occupational medicine has contributed largely to the knowledge about the health effects of occupation and its role in the complex problem at work related to today's medical students as a way of introducing the appreciation of worldwide environmental effects and how to measure, monitor and modify them. In this article the content of the occupational health course is revised and according to the principles of modern medical pedagogy, the teaching is divided in primary and secondary objectives and organized to the resolution of real problems. The importance of the relevant evidences of clinical occupational medicine is discussed and their insertion into other clinical disciplines is proposed. The knowledge of distribution, recognition, management and prevention of the major occupational diseases is a final target of the teaching. The introduction of innovative teaching methods such as factory visits, case history discussion or role playing exercises is suggested as an integrated, multidisciplinary approach able to promote the preventive attitude of students. The efficacy of the teaching has to be evaluated with appropriate methods every time, to verify both informative and formative aspects.
意大利医学院医学系的课程最近在全国范围内进行了更新。考虑到引入的众多创新，职业健康教学，特别是职业医学教学，被赋予了新的角色。职业医学通常被视为社区医学的一部分，尽管在工业发达国家职业病可能呈下降趋势，但对与环境污染相关的健康影响的日益关注，凸显了职业健康学科中已制定的方法的相关性。在所有环境因素中，职业医学在很大程度上促进了人们对职业健康影响及其在当今医学生与工作相关的复杂问题中所起作用的认识，以此作为一种方式来引导对全球环境影响的认识以及如何衡量、监测和改变这些影响。本文对职业健康课程的内容进行了修订，并根据现代医学教学原则，将教学分为主要目标和次要目标，并围绕实际问题的解决进行组织。讨论了临床职业医学相关证据的重要性，并提议将其纳入其他临床学科。掌握主要职业病的分布、识别、管理和预防知识是教学的最终目标。建议引入创新教学方法，如工厂参观、病例讨论或角色扮演练习，作为一种能够促进学生预防态度的综合、多学科方法。每次都必须用适当的方法评估教学效果，以验证信息性和形成性方面。
