Bharali Dhruba J, Mousa Shaker A, Thanavala Yasmin
Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;601:415-21. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-72005-0_44.
The incredible success of vaccinations in contributing to public health is undeniable. In fact, vaccines are the most cost-effective public health tool for disease prevention because their cost is less than the combined costs of treatment, hospitalization, and time loss from work. However, despite the availability of vaccines, cost per dose is a factor limiting the success of global vaccination campaigns, as are the limitations imposed by the need of delivering multiple vaccine doses. A number of approaches are being tested particularly for the delivery of subunit vaccines, and in recent years, a number of groups have devoted their efforts to develop nano/microparticles prepared from biodegradable and biocompatible polymers as vaccine delivery systems with the goal of inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses. Some important properties of biodegradable polymers are their documented safety history, biocompatibility, and an ability to provide controlled time/rate of antigen release and polymer degradation. The most extensively studied polymer used for encapsulating vaccine antigens is poly (lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA). This chapter deals in brief with efforts targeting the use of PLGA micro-and nanoparticles for the delivery of hepatitis B surface antigen.
疫苗在促进公共卫生方面取得的巨大成功是不可否认的。事实上，疫苗是预防疾病最具成本效益的公共卫生工具，因为其成本低于治疗、住院和工作时间损失的综合成本。然而，尽管有疫苗可用，但每剂成本是限制全球疫苗接种运动成功的一个因素，多次接种疫苗的需求所带来的限制也是如此。目前正在测试多种方法，特别是用于递送亚单位疫苗的方法，近年来，一些研究小组致力于开发由可生物降解和生物相容性聚合物制备的纳米/微粒作为疫苗递送系统，目的是诱导体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。可生物降解聚合物的一些重要特性包括其有记录的安全历史、生物相容性，以及能够提供可控的抗原释放时间/速率和聚合物降解能力。用于封装疫苗抗原的研究最广泛的聚合物是聚（丙交酯-乙交酯酸）（PLGA）。本章简要介绍了旨在使用PLGA微粒和纳米粒递送乙型肝炎表面抗原的研究工作。
