Donaldson Jack R, Gratton Claudio
Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2007 Aug;36(4):918-25. doi: 10.1603/0046-225x(2007)36[918:aeosvo]2.0.co;2.
Although there is long-standing recognition that pest complexes require different management approaches than individual pests, relatively little research has explored how pests interact. In particular, little is known of how herbivorous insects and plant pathogens interact when sharing the same host plant. The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Mastumura, a recently introduced pest of soybean in the upper midwestern United States, and a complex of plant viruses vectored to soybean by insects have become a major concern for growers in the region. Given the abundance of soybean aphid and the increase in virus incidence in recent years, soybean aphids often use soybean infected by plant viral pathogens. We tested the hypothesis that soybean aphid performance is affected by virus infection of soybean plants. We conducted a series of field and laboratory experiments that examined how infection of soybeans with the common plant viruses, alfalfa mosaic, soybean mosaic, and bean pod mottle viruses, influenced soybean aphid performance. Soybean plants (in the field and laboratory) were hand inoculated with individual viruses, and aphids were allowed to colonize plants naturally in field experiments or added to the plants in clip-cages or within mesh bags in laboratory assays. In the field, aphid density on uninfected control soybean plants was nearly double that on infected plants. In laboratory assays, aphid population growth rates were on average 20% lower for aphids on virus infected compared with uninfected plants. Life table analyses showed that increased mortality on virus-infected plants likely explain differences in aphid population growth. Although there was some heterogeneity in the significance of treatment effects among different experiments, when independent experiments are taken together, there is on average an overall negative effect of these viruses on soybean aphids.
尽管长期以来人们已经认识到害虫复合体需要与单个害虫不同的管理方法，但相对较少的研究探讨了害虫之间的相互作用。特别是，对于食草昆虫和植物病原体在共享同一寄主植物时如何相互作用知之甚少。大豆蚜，即豆蚜（Aphis glycines Mastumura），是美国中西部上游地区最近引入的大豆害虫，以及由昆虫传播给大豆的一组植物病毒，已成为该地区种植者的主要担忧。鉴于近年来大豆蚜数量众多且病毒发病率上升，大豆蚜经常取食被植物病毒病原体感染的大豆。我们检验了大豆蚜的表现受大豆植株病毒感染影响这一假设。我们进行了一系列田间和实验室实验，研究了用常见植物病毒苜蓿花叶病毒、大豆花叶病毒和菜豆荚斑驳病毒感染大豆如何影响大豆蚜的表现。大豆植株（在田间和实验室）通过人工接种单个病毒，在田间实验中让蚜虫自然定殖在植株上，或在实验室试验中通过夹笼或网袋将蚜虫添加到植株上。在田间，未感染的对照大豆植株上的蚜虫密度几乎是感染植株上的两倍。在实验室试验中，与未感染的植株相比，感染病毒的植株上的蚜虫种群增长率平均低20%。生命表分析表明，病毒感染植株上死亡率的增加可能解释了蚜虫种群增长的差异。尽管不同实验中处理效应的显著性存在一些异质性，但当将独立实验汇总在一起时，这些病毒总体上对大豆蚜平均有负面影响。
