Hynniman C E
College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0082.
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1991 Oct;48(10 Suppl 1):S24-35.
Technologies affecting institutional pharmacy practice and the operation of pharmacy departments are reviewed, future developments are outlined, and implications of these developments for pharmacy education are proposed. Computer technology, especially as applied to areas such as artificial intelligence, online information databases, electronic bulletin boards, hospital information systems, and point-of-care systems, will have a strong impact on pharmacy practice and management in the 1990s. Other areas in which growth is likely to be active include bar-code technology, robotics, and automated drug dispensing. The applications of these technologies are described, with particular attention placed on the effects of increased automation on the drug-dispensing function. Technological advances may effect marked reductions in dispensing and medication errors; questions concerning the cost-effectiveness of these new systems remain to be answered. These advances also create new opportunities for clinical involvement by pharmacists; however, a fundamental understanding of computer systems is essential. Current practitioners can benefit from attending seminars, participating in users' groups, and keeping current with the computer literature. Many students now acquire the needed skills in computer laboratories and in the classroom. Technological advances will offer the opportunity for pharmacists to expand their clinical role.
本文回顾了影响机构药房实践和药房部门运营的技术，概述了未来的发展，并提出了这些发展对药学教育的影响。计算机技术，特别是应用于人工智能、在线信息数据库、电子公告板、医院信息系统和床边护理系统等领域，将在20世纪90年代对药房实践和管理产生重大影响。其他可能活跃增长的领域包括条形码技术、机器人技术和自动配药。文中描述了这些技术的应用，特别关注自动化程度提高对配药功能的影响。技术进步可能会显著减少配药和用药错误；这些新系统的成本效益问题仍有待解答。这些进步也为药剂师参与临床创造了新机会；然而，对计算机系统的基本理解至关重要。当前的从业者可以通过参加研讨会、加入用户团体和紧跟计算机文献来受益。现在许多学生在计算机实验室和课堂上获得所需技能。技术进步将为药剂师提供扩大其临床角色的机会。
