Nold E G, Williams T C
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1985 Dec;42(12):2722-32.
The technology and terminology of bar codes, the Health Industry Bar Code (HIBC) Standard, issues facing the pharmaceutical industry with respect to bar codes, and potential applications of bar codes in hospital pharmacy are reviewed. Bar codes consist of a series of parallel alternating dark lines and empty spaces. Commonly used bar codes include UPC (Universal Product Code), Interleaved 2 of 5, Codabar, Code 93, Code 128, and Code 39. There are several different types of scanners that may be used for scanning bar codes. Some of the variable features are portability, contact and noncontact, autodiscrimination, and the presence of numeric keypads. The HIBC Council (HIBCC) is a steering committee charged with developing bar-code standards for health care, assigning identification numbers to manufacturers, and providing information to interested individuals. The HIBCC Board includes representatives from health-care providers, equipment manufacturers, drug manufacturers, and wholesalers. Drug manufacturers are concerned about several issues with regard to bar codes; for example, who will pay for the cost of implementation, on what level of packaging will the bar codes be required, and are there legal implications if a poor scan results in patient harm? Bar codes have already been applied in some hospitals for coding blood containers, roentgenogram jackets, medical records, and capital equipment. The potential applications in hospital pharmacy include inventory control, verifying the accuracy of dispensing to both inpatients and outpatients, and record keeping for drug product expiration or disposal. Bar codes also offer pharmacists the ability to perform in-process dispensing controls that are not practical to perform manually. Bar-code technology offers health-care personnel the opportunity to improve work efficiency and increase the accuracy of data entry into automated systems.
本文回顾了条形码技术和术语、健康产业条形码（HIBC）标准、制药行业在条形码方面面临的问题以及条形码在医院药房的潜在应用。条形码由一系列平行交替的黑线和空白区域组成。常用的条形码包括通用产品代码（UPC）、交叉二五码、库德巴码、93码、128码和39码。有几种不同类型的扫描仪可用于扫描条形码。一些可变特性包括便携性、接触式和非接触式、自动识别以及数字键盘的存在。HIBC委员会（HIBCC）是一个指导委员会，负责制定医疗保健领域的条形码标准、为制造商分配识别号码并向感兴趣的个人提供信息。HIBCC董事会包括医疗保健提供者、设备制造商、药品制造商和批发商的代表。药品制造商关注条形码方面的几个问题；例如，谁将支付实施成本，条形码需要应用在何种包装级别上，如果扫描不佳导致患者受到伤害是否存在法律影响？条形码已经在一些医院用于对血袋、X光片套、病历和大型设备进行编码。在医院药房的潜在应用包括库存控制、核实向住院患者和门诊患者配药的准确性以及记录药品过期或处置情况。条形码还使药剂师能够进行手工操作不实用的过程中配药控制。条形码技术为医疗保健人员提供了提高工作效率和提高自动系统数据录入准确性的机会。
