Quina Margarida J, Santos Regina C, Bordado João C, Quinta-Ferreira Rosa M
Group on Environment, Reaction and Separation Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II-Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
J Hazard Mater. 2008 Apr 1;152(2):853-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.055. Epub 2007 Jul 24.
This study is mainly related with the physical and chemical characterization of a solid waste, produced in a municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration process, which is usually referred as air pollution control (APC) residue. The moisture content, loss on ignition (LOI), particle size distribution, density, porosity, specific surface area and morphology were the physical properties addressed here. At the chemical level, total elemental content (TC), total availability (TA) and the leaching behaviour with compliance tests were determined, as well as the acid neutralization capacity (ANC). The main mineralogical crystalline phases were identified, and the thermal behaviour of the APC residues is also shown. The experimental work involves several techniques such as laser diffraction spectrometry, mercury porosimetry, helium pycnometry, gas adsorption, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), ion chromatography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA). The results point out that the APC residues do not comply with regulations in force at the developed countries, and therefore the waste should be considered hazardous. Among the considered heavy metals, lead, zinc and chromium were identified as the most problematic ones, and their total elemental quantities are similar for several samples collected in an industrial plant at different times. Moreover, the high amount of soluble salts (NaCl, KCl, calcium compounds) may constitute a major problem and should be taken into account for all management strategies. The solubility in water is very high (more than 24% for a solid/liquid ratio of 10) and thus the possible utilizations of this residue are very limited, creating difficulties also in the ordinary treatments, such as in solidification/stabilization with binders.
本研究主要涉及城市固体废物（MSW）焚烧过程中产生的一种固体废物的物理和化学特性，这种废物通常被称为空气污染控制（APC）残渣。这里研究了其水分含量、灼烧减量（LOI）、粒度分布、密度、孔隙率、比表面积和形态等物理性质。在化学层面，测定了总元素含量（TC）、总可利用性（TA）以及符合测试的浸出行为，还有酸中和能力（ANC）。确定了主要的矿物结晶相，并展示了APC残渣的热行为。实验工作涉及多种技术，如激光衍射光谱法、压汞法、氦比重瓶法、气体吸附法、火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）、离子色谱法、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线荧光光谱法（XRF）、X射线衍射法（XRD）和同步热分析法（STA）。结果表明，APC残渣不符合发达国家现行法规，因此该废物应被视为危险废物。在所考虑的重金属中，铅、锌和铬被确定为问题最大的几种，在一家工厂不同时间收集的几个样品中，它们的总元素量相似。此外，大量的可溶性盐（氯化钠、氯化钾、钙化合物）可能构成一个主要问题，在所有管理策略中都应予以考虑。其在水中的溶解度非常高（固液比为10时超过24%），因此这种残渣的可能用途非常有限，在普通处理中也会遇到困难，比如用粘结剂进行固化/稳定化处理。
