Lu Jianbo, Wu Jianguo, Fu Zhihui, Zhu Lei
Agro-ecology and Ecological Engineering Institute, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Environ Manage. 2007 Dec;40(6):823-30. doi: 10.1007/s00267-007-9003-4. Epub 2007 Sep 2.
The invasion of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has resulted in enormous ecological and economic consequences worldwide. Although the spread of this weed in Africa, Australia, and North America has been well documented, its invasion in China is yet to be fully documented. Here we report that since its introduction about seven decades ago, water hyacinth has infested many water bodies across almost half of China's territory, causing a decline of native biodiversity, alteration of ecosystem services, deterioration of aquatic environments, and spread of diseases affecting human health. Water hyacinth infestations have also led to enormous economic losses in China by impeding water flows, paralyzing navigation, and damaging irrigation and hydroelectricity facilities. To effectively control the rampage of water hyacinth in China, we propose a sustainability science-based management framework that explicitly incorporates principles from landscape ecology and Integrated Pest Management. This framework emphasizes multiple-scale long-term monitoring and research, integration among different control techniques, combination of control with utilization, and landscape-level adaptive management. Sustainability science represents a new, transdisciplinary paradigm that integrates scientific research, technological innovation, and socioeconomic development of particular regions. Our proposed management framework is aimed to broaden the currently dominant biological control-centered view in China and to illustrate how sustainability science can be used to guide the research and management of water hyacinth.
凤眼蓝(水葫芦,Eichhornia crassipes)的入侵在全球范围内造成了巨大的生态和经济后果。尽管这种杂草在非洲、澳大利亚和北美的扩散已有充分记录,但其在中国的入侵情况尚未得到全面记载。在此我们报告,自约七十年前引入以来,凤眼蓝已侵入中国近半数领土的众多水体,导致本土生物多样性下降、生态系统服务功能改变、水生环境恶化以及影响人类健康的疾病传播。凤眼蓝的泛滥还因阻碍水流、使航运瘫痪以及破坏灌溉和水电设施,给中国造成了巨大的经济损失。为有效控制凤眼蓝在中国的肆虐,我们提出了一个基于可持续性科学的管理框架,该框架明确纳入了景观生态学和综合虫害管理的原则。这一框架强调多尺度长期监测与研究、不同控制技术之间的整合、控制与利用相结合以及景观层面的适应性管理。可持续性科学代表了一种新的跨学科范式,它整合了特定区域的科学研究、技术创新和社会经济发展。我们提出的管理框架旨在拓宽中国目前以生物防治为主导的观点,并说明如何利用可持续性科学来指导凤眼蓝的研究和管理。