Science. 1977 Aug 19;197(4305):733-7. doi: 10.1126/science.197.4305.733.
New research orientations are emerging in behavioral science approaches to agricultural development. These new orientations are the product of both experience gained during the era that followed the Green Revolution and a response to changing goals in agricultural development that now place a greater emphasis on considerations of participation and equity. They also reflect a more general concern with the relation of technology and society growing out of efforts to understand energy and environmental problems. These orientations are characterized by a shift away from a conceptual perspective emphasizing communication to one in which technology and social organization are deemed essential in understanding and promoting agricultural development. This changing conceptual perspective is being manifested in the research process from which technology develops. Use of ecological systems approaches to the study of farming systems is increasing. The importance of understanding traditional agriculture is becoming evident and technology development methodologies are beginning to simulate farm conditions at the research center and to conduct experimental research on the farm. The appreciation of technology as a variable is leading to the development of alternative technologies adapted to different socionatural situations. As these emerging orientations become elaborated, they enhance the contributions which behavioral scientists can make to agricultural development.
新的研究方向正在出现于农业发展的行为科学方法中。这些新的方向是在绿色革命之后的时代中获得的经验的产物，也是对农业发展目标变化的回应，现在更加注重参与和公平性的考虑。它们还反映了一种更普遍的关注，即技术与社会的关系，这种关注源于努力理解能源和环境问题。这些方向的特点是，从强调交流的概念视角转变为认为技术和社会组织对于理解和促进农业发展至关重要的视角。这种不断变化的概念视角正在体现在技术发展的研究过程中。越来越多地使用生态系统方法来研究农业系统。理解传统农业的重要性正在显现，技术开发方法开始在研究中心模拟农场条件，并在农场进行实验研究。将技术视为变量的认识导致了适应不同社会自然情况的替代技术的发展。随着这些新兴方向的不断发展，它们增强了行为科学家可以为农业发展做出的贡献。
