Guinotte F, Nys Y, de Monredon F
Station de Recherches Avicoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Tours-Nouzilly, France.
Poult Sci. 1991 Sep;70(9):1908-20. doi: 10.3382/ps.0701908.
The following physico-chemical characteristics of various calcium sources, differing in origin and particle size were determined: mineral composition, sieve and image analysis, apparent solubility (AS), surface area (SA), porous volume, specific gravity, and compressibility (C). The AS, SA, and C values were related more to the calcium particle size than to its origin and were higher in ground calcium sources. Calcium retention of seashells treated with phosphoric acid, oyster shells, and limestone using two particle sizes, ground or particulate, was assayed in 98 broiler chicks. Particulate marble was also tested in this experiment. Calcium retention expressed as a percentage of calcium ingestion was decreased when coarse particles of calcium were supplied in lieu of pulverized sources (40 versus 49%). An experiment with a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments were tested using 576 broiler chicks. Treatments included three calcium sources (phosphorus-treated shell, oyster shell, and marble), three particle sizes [ground (less than .15 mm), medium (.6 to 1.18 mm) and coarse (greater than 1.18 mm)] and three levels of calcium (.5,.7, and .9%) with ground limestone as a reference. Performance, tibial morphometry, breaking strength variables, and ash content were measured at 4 wk of age. Weight gain and feed conversion were ameliorated with ground particles of calcium. Cortical thickness, length of the tibia, stiffness, stress, and tibia ash were diminished when coarse particles of calcium were incorporated in the diets. Conversely, the origin of the calcium source hardly affected these criteria. Additionally, the incorporation of phosphorus-treated shells was assayed in 112 broiler chicks. Coarse particles decreased calcium retention. Consequently, ultimate stress, the modulus of elasticity, and stress were impaired. It is concluded that differences in utilization of calcium carbonate sources by the broiler chick is primarily a result of particle size rather than origin. Ground particles of calcium (pan to .15 mm) significantly improves performance and tibial ossification characteristics in broiler chicks.
矿物成分、筛分和图像分析、表观溶解度（AS）、表面积（SA）、孔隙体积、比重和可压缩性（C）。AS、SA和C值与钙的粒度关系更大，而与其来源关系较小，并且在磨碎的钙源中更高。使用两种粒度（磨碎的或颗粒状的）的经磷酸处理的贝壳、牡蛎壳和石灰石的钙保留率在98只肉鸡中进行了测定。颗粒状大理石也在本实验中进行了测试。当供应粗颗粒钙代替粉碎源时，以钙摄入量的百分比表示的钙保留率降低（40%对49%）。使用576只肉鸡进行了一项采用3×3×3析因处理安排的实验。处理包括三种钙源（经磷处理的贝壳、牡蛎壳和大理石）、三种粒度[磨碎的（小于0.15毫米）、中等的（0.6至1.18毫米）和粗的（大于1.18毫米）]以及三种钙水平（0.5%、0.7%和0.9%），以磨碎的石灰石作为对照。在4周龄时测量性能、胫骨形态测量、断裂强度变量和灰分含量。磨碎的钙颗粒改善了体重增加和饲料转化率。当日粮中加入粗颗粒钙时，皮质厚度、胫骨长度、硬度、应力和胫骨灰分减少。相反，钙源的来源对这些指标几乎没有影响。此外，在112只肉鸡中测定了经磷处理的贝壳的掺入情况。粗颗粒降低了钙保留率。因此，极限应力、弹性模量和应力受损。结论是，肉鸡对碳酸钙源利用的差异主要是粒度而非来源的结果。磨碎的钙颗粒（筛孔至0.15毫米）显著改善了肉鸡的性能和胫骨骨化特性。
