Liu Yuchen, Wang Xintong, Zhao Xiaoyu, Ma Ying, Qu Lujiang, Wang Zhong, Ning Zhonghua
National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
Anim Nutr. 2025 Jun 6;22:442-458. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.004. eCollection 2025 Sep.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with active dry yeast (ADY) alone or in combination with (BS) on physiological parameters (laying performance, egg quality, blood indexes), reproductive traits, ileum microbiome, metabolome, and uterine gene expression in aged breeder hens. A total of 336 Hy-line brown layer hens aged 55 weeks were randomly assigned to three groups using a completely randomized design: control group (Con, basal diet), ADY group (1 g ADY/kg diet), and ADY-BS combination group ([1 g ADY + 0.1 g BS]/kg diet). Compared with the Con group, ADY-BS group significantly improved egg production ( 0.024) and reduced feed conversion ratio ( 0.034), while also significantly increasing feed intake compared to the ADY group ( 0.020). Additionally, both ADY and ADY-BS significantly enhanced eggshell-breaking strength compared to untreated hens ( 0.001), with ADY-BS further notably increasing lysozyme levels ( 0.031), antibody titers against avian influenza H5 and H9 subtypes ( = 0.008 and = 0.001, respectively), and calcium content in serum ( 0.021). Analysis of the ileal microbiota revealed significant modifications, as evidenced by reduced richness (Chao1 index: = 0.016 and = 0.008 for the ADY and ADY-BS groups, respectively) and improved evenness (Simpson index: = 0.032 for both groups). Relative to the untreated group hens, ADY enriched ( 0.007), ( 0.009), and ( 0.027), whereas ADY-BS remarkably enriched ( 0.028). Furthermore, enriched in ADY-BS group hens was negatively correlated with ileum differential metabolites such as phenylalanyl-threonine and phenylalanyl-tryptophan. Correlation analysis based on RNA-seq data indicated that these differential metabolites were negatively associated with the expression of genes related to calcium ion transport and immune pathways in the uterus. In summary, the results suggest that ADY-BS combination significantly improved production performance, eggshell quality, gut microenvironment, and immune function compared to ADY alone in late-laying hens.
本研究旨在探讨单独添加活性干酵母（ADY）或与芽孢杆菌（BS）联合添加对老龄种母鸡生理参数（产蛋性能、蛋品质、血液指标）、繁殖性状、回肠微生物群、代谢组以及子宫基因表达的影响。采用完全随机设计将336只55周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为三组：对照组（Con，基础日粮）、ADY组（每千克日粮添加1 g ADY）和ADY-BS联合组（每千克日粮添加[1 g ADY + 0.1 g BS]）。与Con组相比，ADY-BS组显著提高了产蛋量（P<0.024）并降低了料蛋比（P<0.034），同时与ADY组相比还显著增加了采食量（P<0.020）。此外，与未处理的母鸡相比，ADY和ADY-BS均显著提高了蛋壳破裂强度（P<0.001），ADY-BS还进一步显著提高了溶菌酶水平（P<0.031）、抗禽流感H5和H9亚型的抗体效价（分别为P = 0.008和P = 0.001）以及血清钙含量（P<0.021）。回肠微生物群分析显示有显著变化，表现为丰富度降低（Chao1指数：ADY组和ADY-BS组分别为P = 0.016和P = 0.008）和均匀度提高（辛普森指数：两组均为P = 0.032）。相对于未处理组母鸡，ADY富集了丁酸（P<0.007）、己酸（P<0.009）和辛酸（P<臭0.027），而ADY-BS显著富集了丙酸（P<0.028）。此外，ADY-BS组母鸡中富集的丙酸与回肠差异代谢物如苯丙氨酰苏氨酸和苯丙氨酰色氨酸呈负相关。基于RNA测序数据的相关性分析表明，这些差异代谢物与子宫中钙离子转运和免疫途径相关基因的表达呈负相关。总之，结果表明，与单独使用ADY相比，ADY-BS联合使用在后期产蛋母鸡中显著提高了生产性能、蛋壳质量、肠道微环境和免疫功能。
