Hemminki K, Sundquist J, Bermejo J L
Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Ann Oncol. 2008 Jan;19(1):163-7. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdm414. Epub 2007 Sep 5.
Family history of a disease may point to its heritable or environmental etiology. It can be described by the proportion of the familial disease, i.e. same disease in two or more family members. A family history always needs to be specified as to the number of generations covered and their ages.
Proportions of site-specific familial cancers (familial proportions) were calculated using the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, the largest dataset of its kind in the world, with cancers from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Familial proportions refer to the offspring population up to age 72 years when their parents or siblings were diagnosed with a concordant (same) cancer.
A total of 34 cancer sites and 205 638 cases were covered. Prostate cancer showed the highest familial proportion of 20.15%, followed by breast (13.58%) and colorectal (12.80%) cancers. Salivary gland cancers showed the lowest familial proportion of 0.15%, but bone, laryngeal, anal, connective tissue and other genital cancers also remained <1%. The familial proportion depended on the prevalence of the particular cancer and on its familial risk.
The derived familial proportions can justifiably be used in statements 'X% of the patients had a family history of the cancer'.
疾病的家族史可能指向其遗传或环境病因。它可以通过家族性疾病的比例来描述，即两个或更多家庭成员患有相同疾病。家族史总是需要明确所涵盖的世代数量及其年龄。
使用瑞典家族癌症数据库计算特定部位家族性癌症的比例（家族比例），该数据库是世界上同类数据量最大的，包含来自瑞典癌症登记处的癌症数据。家族比例指的是父母或兄弟姐妹被诊断患有一致（相同）癌症时，年龄在72岁以下的后代人群。
共涵盖34个癌症部位和205638例病例。前列腺癌的家族比例最高，为20.15%，其次是乳腺癌（13.58%）和结直肠癌（12.80%）。唾液腺癌的家族比例最低，为0.15%，但骨癌、喉癌、肛门癌、结缔组织癌和其他生殖系统癌症的家族比例也均低于1%。家族比例取决于特定癌症的患病率及其家族风险。
得出的家族比例可合理用于 “X%的患者有该癌症的家族史” 这样的表述中。
