Fernandez Nicole J, Kidney Beverly A
Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Vet Clin Pathol. 2007 Sep;36(3):223-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2007.tb00216.x.
The alkaline phosphatases comprise a heterogeneous group of enzymes that are widely distributed in mammalian cells. They often are associated with cell membranes, but their exact physiologic function is unknown. Despite this, alkaline phosphatase activity is a very useful serum biochemical indicator of liver disease, particularly cholestatic disease. However, increases in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum and other body fluids may reflect physiologic or pathologic changes beyond those of hepatic origin. For example, nonhepatic increases in serum alkaline phosphatase activity are found in young animals, in pregnant and lactating females, and in association with high fat diets. Bone disease, endocrine disease, neoplasia, and other disorders can result in increased alkaline phosphatase activity. In addition, alkaline phosphatase activity may be increased due to induction by certain drugs such as glucocorticoids and anticonvulsants. In this article, we will review the physiologic and pathologic factors influencing the activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum and other body fluids, with an emphasis on disorders beyond liver disease.
碱性磷酸酶是一组异质性酶，广泛分布于哺乳动物细胞中。它们常与细胞膜相关，但确切的生理功能尚不清楚。尽管如此，碱性磷酸酶活性仍是肝病尤其是胆汁淤积性疾病非常有用的血清生化指标。然而，血清和其他体液中碱性磷酸酶活性的升高可能反映了肝脏以外的生理或病理变化。例如，在幼龄动物、怀孕和哺乳期雌性动物以及高脂饮食情况下，血清碱性磷酸酶活性会出现非肝脏来源的升高。骨病、内分泌疾病、肿瘤及其他病症可导致碱性磷酸酶活性增加。此外，某些药物如糖皮质激素和抗惊厥药的诱导也可能使碱性磷酸酶活性升高。在本文中，我们将综述影响血清和其他体液中碱性磷酸酶活性的生理和病理因素，重点关注肝病以外的病症。
