Cronin T M
Science. 1985 Jan 4;227(4682):60-3. doi: 10.1126/science.227.4682.60.
Morphologic and paleozoogeographic analysis of Cenozoic marine Ostracoda from the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Pacific indicates that climatic change modulates evolution by disrupting long-term stasis and catalyzing speciation during sustained, unidirectional climatic transitions and, conversely, by maintaining morphologic stasis during rapid, high-frequency climatic oscillations. In the middle Pliocene, 4 to 3 million years ago, at least six new species of Puriana suddenly appeared as the Isthmus of Panama closed, changing oceanographic circulation and global climate. Since then morphologic stasis has characterized ancestral and descendant species during many glacial-interglacial cycles. The frequency and duration of climatic events have more impact on ostracode evolution than the magnitude of climatic changes.
对来自大西洋、加勒比海和太平洋的新生代海洋介形虫进行的形态学和古动物地理学分析表明，气候变化通过在持续的单向气候转变过程中破坏长期静态并催化物种形成来调节进化，相反，在快速、高频的气候振荡过程中则通过维持形态静态来调节进化。在距今400万至300万年前的上新世中期，随着巴拿马地峡闭合，海洋环流和全球气候发生变化，至少有六种新的Puriana物种突然出现。从那时起，在许多冰期-间冰期循环中，形态静态一直是祖先物种和后代物种的特征。气候事件的频率和持续时间对介形虫进化的影响比气候变化的幅度更大。
