Thomas Cronin and Cynthia Schneider are at the US Geological Survey, Reston, VA 22092, USA.
Trends Ecol Evol. 1990 Sep;5(9):275-9. doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(90)90080-W.
The detailed Neogene and Quaternary paleoclimatic reconstructions now available provide a means to test how species respond to environmental change. Paleontologic studies of marine organisms show that climatic change causes evolution (via cladogenesis and anagenesis), ecophenotypic variation, migration, morphologic stasis and extinction. Evolution during climatic change is a rare event relative to the number of climatic cycles that have occurred, but climate-related environmental barriers, usually temperature, may play an important role in the isolation of populations during allopatric speciation.
现在可用的详细的新近纪和第四纪古气候重建为测试物种对环境变化的响应提供了一种手段。海洋生物的古生物学研究表明，气候变化会导致进化（通过分支和渐变）、生态表型变异、迁移、形态停滞和灭绝。与发生的气候循环数量相比，气候变化期间的进化是一个罕见的事件，但与气候相关的环境障碍，通常是温度，可能在异域物种形成过程中种群隔离中发挥重要作用。
