Science. 1982 Jan 22;215(4531):421-2. doi: 10.1126/science.215.4531.421.
Experimental removal of helpers from a communal bird population decreased the reproductive success of the reduced units. By controlling for variables that are potentially correlated with both reproductive success and unit size, this experiment establishes that helpers-contribute significantly to their indirect fitness.
实验性地从一个群居鸟类群体中移除帮手会降低减少的单位的繁殖成功率。通过控制可能与繁殖成功率和单位大小都相关的变量，这个实验确定了帮手对它们的间接适应度有显著贡献。
