Thompson L G, Mosley-Thompson E, Arnao B M
Science. 1984 Oct 5;226(4670):50-3. doi: 10.1126/science.226.4670.50.
Snow accumulation measured during 1982-1983 on the Quelccaya ice cap, Peru, was 70 percent of the average from 1975 through 1983. Inspection of 19 years (1964 through 1983) of accumulation measured near the summit of Quelccaya reveals a substantial decrease ( approximately 30 percent) in association with the last five El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) occurrences in the equatorial Pacific. The ENSO phenomenon is now recognized as a global event arising from large-scale interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere. Understanding this extreme event, with the goal of prediction, requires a record of past occurrences. The Quelccaya ice cap, which contains 1500 years of annually accumulated ice layers, may provide a long and detailed record of the most extreme ENSO events.
1982 - 1983年期间在秘鲁基拉卡亚冰帽测量的积雪量是1975年至1983年平均积雪量的70%。对基拉卡亚冰帽山顶附近19年（1964年至1983年）测量的积雪情况进行检查后发现，与赤道太平洋上最后五次厄尔尼诺 - 南方涛动（ENSO）事件相关，积雪量大幅下降（约30%）。ENSO现象现在被认为是一种由海洋和大气之间大规模相互作用引发的全球事件。为了预测而了解这一极端事件，需要有过去事件的记录。基拉卡亚冰帽包含1500年每年积累的冰层，可能会提供最极端ENSO事件的长期而详细的记录。
