Science. 1988 Sep 23;241(4873):1620-6. doi: 10.1126/science.241.4873.1620.
Classical reaction kinetics has been found to be unsatisfactory when the reactants are spatially constrained on the microscopic level by either walls, phase boundaries, or force fields. Recently discovered theories of heterogeneous reaction kinetics have dramatic consequences, such as fractal orders for elementary reactions, self-ordering and self-unmixing of reactants, and rate coefficients with temporal "memories." The new theories were needed to explain the results of experiments and supercomputer simulations of reactions that were confined to low dimensions or fractal dimensions or both. Among the practical examples of "fractal-like kinetics" are chemical reactions in pores of membranes, excitation trapping in molecular aggregates, exciton fusion in composite materials, and charge recombination in colloids and clouds.
当反应物在微观水平上受到墙壁、相界或力场的空间限制时，经典反应动力学已被发现不令人满意。最近发现的多相反应动力学理论具有重大影响，例如基本反应的分形阶数、反应物的自组织和自混合，以及具有时间“记忆”的速率系数。这些新理论是为了解释在低维或分形维数受限的实验和超计算机模拟反应的结果而提出的。“类分形动力学”的实际例子包括膜孔中的化学反应、分子聚集体中的激发捕获、复合材料中的激子融合以及胶体和云团中的电荷复合。
