Köhler Annette, Hellweg Stefanie, Recan Ercan, Hungerbühler Konrad
Empa, Technology and Society Laboratory, Uberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Diibendorf, Switzerland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Aug 1;41(15):5515-22. doi: 10.1021/es0617284.
Industrial wastewater-treatment systems need to ensure a high level of protection for the environment as a whole. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) comprehensively evaluates the environmental impacts of complex treatment systems, taking into account impacts from auxiliaries and energy consumption as well as emissions. However, the application of LCA is limited by a scarcity of wastewater-specific life-cycle inventory (LCI) data. This study presents a modular gate-to-gate inventory model for industrial wastewater purification in the chemical and related sectors. It enables the calculation of inventory parameters as a function of the wastewater composition and the technologies applied. Forthis purpose, data on energy and auxiliaries' consumption, wastewater composition, and process parameters was collected from chemical industry. On this basis, causal relationships between wastewater input, emissions, and technical inputs were identified. These causal relationships were translated into a generic inventory model. Generic and site-specific data ranges for LCI parameters are provided for the following processes: mechanical-biological treatment, high-pressure wet-air oxidation, nanofiltration, and extraction. The input- and technology-dependent process inventories help to bridge data gaps where primary data are not available. Thus, they substantially help to perform an environmental assessment of industrial wastewater purification in the chemical and associated industries, which may be used, for instance, for technology choices.
工业废水处理系统需要确保对整个环境的高水平保护。生命周期评估（LCA）全面评估复杂处理系统的环境影响，同时考虑到辅助材料、能源消耗以及排放所产生的影响。然而，LCA的应用受到特定于废水的生命周期清单（LCI）数据稀缺的限制。本研究提出了一种用于化工及相关行业工业废水净化的模块化从门到门清单模型。它能够根据废水成分和所应用的技术来计算清单参数。为此，从化工行业收集了能源和辅助材料消耗、废水成分以及工艺参数的数据。在此基础上，确定了废水输入、排放和技术输入之间的因果关系。这些因果关系被转化为一个通用的清单模型。针对以下工艺提供了LCI参数的通用和特定场地数据范围：机械生物处理、高压湿式空气氧化、纳滤和萃取。与输入和技术相关的工艺清单有助于弥补无法获取原始数据时的数据差距。因此，它们极大地有助于对化工及相关行业的工业废水净化进行环境评估，例如可用于技术选择。
