Centre for Urban Science and Engineering (CUSE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India.
2.-0 LCA Consultants, Rendsburggade 14, 4.315B, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 May 1;622-623:1649-1657. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.051. Epub 2017 Oct 18.
We present a second-generation wastewater treatment inventory model, WW LCI 2.0, which on many fronts represents considerable advances compared to its previous version WW LCI 1.0. WW LCI 2.0 is a novel and complete wastewater inventory model integrating WW LCI 1.0, i.e. a complete life cycle inventory, including infrastructure requirement, energy consumption and auxiliary materials applied for the treatment of wastewater and disposal of sludge and SewageLCI, i.e. fate modelling of chemicals released to the sewer. The model is expanded to account for different wastewater treatment levels, i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary treatment, independent treatment by septic tanks and also direct discharge to natural waters. Sludge disposal by means of composting is added as a new option. The model also includes a database containing statistics on wastewater treatment levels and sludge disposal patterns in 56 countries. The application of the new model is demonstrated using five chemicals assumed discharged to wastewater systems in four different countries. WW LCI 2.0 model results shows that chemicals such as diethylenetriamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP) and Diclofenac, exhibit lower climate change (CC) and freshwater ecotoxicity (FET) burdens upon wastewater treatment compared to direct discharge in all country scenarios. Results for Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen (more readily degradable) show that the CC burden depends on the country-specific levels of wastewater treatment. Higher treatment levels lead to lower CC and FET burden compared to direct discharge. WW LCI 2.0 makes it possible to generate complete detailed life cycle inventories and fate analyses for chemicals released to wastewater systems. Our test of the WW LCI 2.0 model with five chemicals illustrates how the model can provide substantially different outcomes, compared to conventional wastewater inventory models, making the inventory dependent upon the atomic composition of the molecules undergoing treatment as well as the country specific wastewater treatment levels.
我们提出了第二代废水处理清单模型 WW LCI 2.0，与之前的版本 WW LCI 1.0 相比，它在许多方面都有显著的进步。WW LCI 2.0 是一个新颖而完整的废水清单模型，集成了 WW LCI 1.0，即包括基础设施需求、能源消耗和辅助材料在内的完整生命周期清单，用于处理废水和处置污泥和 SewageLCI，即化学物质释放到污水中的命运建模。该模型扩展到不同的废水处理水平，即初级、二级和三级处理、独立的化粪池处理以及直接排放到自然水体。通过堆肥处理污泥的新选项也被添加。该模型还包含一个数据库，其中包含 56 个国家的废水处理水平和污泥处置模式的统计数据。该新模型的应用通过在四个不同国家假设排放到废水系统的五种化学物质进行了演示。WW LCI 2.0 模型的结果表明，与所有国家的情景下直接排放相比，二乙撑三胺五亚甲基膦酸（DTPMP）和双氯芬酸等化学物质在废水处理后表现出较低的气候变化（CC）和淡水生态毒性（FET）负担。布洛芬和对乙酰氨基酚（更易降解）的结果表明，CC 负担取决于特定国家的废水处理水平。与直接排放相比，较高的处理水平导致 CC 和 FET 负担较低。WW LCI 2.0 使得生成完整的详细生命周期清单和化学物质释放到废水系统的命运分析成为可能。我们用五种化学物质对 WW LCI 2.0 模型进行的测试表明，与传统的废水清单模型相比，该模型可以提供截然不同的结果，使清单取决于进行处理的分子的原子组成以及特定国家的废水处理水平。
