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儿童是通过归纳法学习整数的吗?

Do children learn the integers by induction?

作者信息

Rips Lance J, Asmuth Jennifer, Bloomfield Amber

机构信息

Psychology Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

出版信息

Cognition. 2008 Feb;106(2):940-51. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.07.011. Epub 2007 Sep 5.

Abstract

According to one theory about how children learn the meaning of the words for the positive integers, they first learn that "one," "two," and "three" stand for appropriately sized sets. They then conclude by inductive inference that the next numeral in the count sequence denotes the size of sets containing one more object than the size denoted by the preceding numeral. We have previously argued, however, that the conclusion of this Induction does not distinguish the standard meaning of the integers from nonstandard meanings in which, for example, "ten" could mean set sizes of 10, 20, 30,... elements. Margolis and Laurence [Margolis, E., & Laurence, S. (2008). How to learn the natural numbers: Inductive inference and the acquisition of number concepts. Cognition, 106, 924-939] believe that our argument depends on attributing to children "radically indeterminate" concepts. We show, first, that our conclusion is compatible with perfectly determinate meanings for "one" through "three." Second, although the inductive inference is indeed indeterminate - which is why it is consistent with nonstandard meanings - making it determinate presupposes the constraints that the inference is supposed to produce.

摘要

根据一种关于儿童如何学习正整数单词含义的理论,他们首先了解到“一”“二”和“三”代表适当大小的集合。然后,他们通过归纳推理得出结论,计数序列中的下一个数字表示比前一个数字所表示的集合大小多一个对象的集合的大小。然而,我们之前认为,这种归纳的结论并不能将整数的标准含义与非标准含义区分开来,例如,在非标准含义中,“十”可能表示10、20、30……个元素的集合大小。马戈利斯和劳伦斯[马戈利斯,E.,&劳伦斯,S.(2008年)。如何学习自然数:归纳推理与数字概念的习得。认知,106,924 - 939]认为,我们的论点依赖于将“完全不确定”的概念归因于儿童。首先,我们表明,我们的结论与从“一”到“三”的完全确定的含义是兼容的。其次,虽然归纳推理确实是不确定的——这就是为什么它与非标准含义一致——但使其确定预设了该推理本应产生的约束条件。

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