Furusjö Erik, Sternbeck John, Cousins Anna Palm
IVL, Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd, 100 31, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sci Total Environ. 2007 Nov 15;387(1-3):206-19. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.021. Epub 2007 Sep 5.
Levels of PM(10) were measured at two different roadside locations in the Stockholm region in Sweden, one highway south of Stockholm and one urban street canyon in the center of the city. PM(10) samples were taken during six separate campaigns over one full year, and analyzed for 29 metals, in order to help characterize sources of PM(10). Five contributing factors were identified by multivariate receptor modeling using positive matrix factorization. Factors were classified, based on their seasonal variation and published data on metal composition of different sources, as: 1) resuspension; 2) vehicle derived; 3) road salt; 4) regional combustion and 5) long-range transport. Resuspension and long-range transport were shown to be important contributors to the PM(10) levels at both sites. In fact, long-range transport was the main contributor to the PM(10) levels at the highway roadside. The vehicle source was only of major importance at the urban roadside, where it frequently contributed between 10 and 20 microg m(-3). Brake wear was an important component in the vehicle source. Vehicle exhaust was not detected as a separate source and was not identified as a major source for PM(10). To our knowledge, this is the first study identifying brake wear as a major source of PM(10) during urban driving.
在瑞典斯德哥尔摩地区的两个不同路边位置测量了PM(10)水平，一个位于斯德哥尔摩以南的高速公路旁，另一个位于市中心的城市街道峡谷中。在一整年的六个不同时间段采集了PM(10)样本，并对29种金属进行了分析，以帮助确定PM(10)的来源。使用正定矩阵因子分解的多元受体模型确定了五个促成因素。根据其季节变化和不同来源金属成分的已发表数据，将这些因素分类为：1) 再悬浮；2) 车辆来源；3) 道路盐分；4) 区域燃烧和5) 远距离传输。结果表明，再悬浮和远距离传输是两个地点PM(10)水平的重要促成因素。事实上，远距离传输是高速公路路边PM(10)水平的主要促成因素。车辆来源仅在城市路边具有重要意义，其贡献量经常在10至20微克/立方米之间。制动磨损是车辆来源的一个重要组成部分。未检测到车辆尾气作为一个单独来源，也未将其确定为PM(10)的主要来源。据我们所知，这是第一项将制动磨损确定为城市驾驶期间PM(10)主要来源的研究。
