School of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, St. John's College, Agra 282002, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 Dec 1;407(24):6196-204. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.050. Epub 2009 Sep 29.
Three monthly 24-hour samples of airborne aerosols (PM(10) and PM(2.5)) were collected at an urban and a rural site of the North central, semi-arid part of India during May 2006 to March 2008. Seven trace metals (Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr and Cu) were determined for both sizes. The annual mean concentration for PM(10) was 154.2 microg/m(3) and 148.4 microg/m(3) at urban and rural sites whereas PM(2.5) mean concentration was 104.9 microg/m(3) and 91.1 microg/m(3) at urban and rural sites, respectively. Concentrations of PM(10) and PM(2.5) have been compared with prescribed WHO standards and NAAQS given by CPCB India and were found to be higher. Weekday/weekend variations of PM(10) and PM(2.5) have been studied at both monitoring sites. Lower particulate pollutant levels were found during weekends, which suggested that anthropogenic activities are major contributor of higher ambient particulate concentration during weekdays. Significant seasonal variations of particulate pollutants were obtained using the daily average concentration of PM(10) and PM(2.5) during the study period. PM(2.5)/PM(10) ratios at urban and rural sites were also determined during the study period, which also showed variation between the seasons. Three factors have been identified using Principal Component Analysis at the sampling sites comprising resuspension of road dust due to vehicular activities, solid waste incineration, and industrial emission at urban site whereas resuspension of soil dust due to vehicular emission, construction activities and wind blown dust carrying industrial emission, were common sources at rural site.
在 2006 年 5 月至 2008 年 3 月期间，在印度中北部半干旱地区的城市和农村地区采集了三个月的 24 小时空气气溶胶（PM(10)和 PM(2.5)）样本。对两种粒径都测定了七种痕量金属（Pb、Zn、Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr 和 Cu）。城市和农村地区 PM(10)的年平均浓度分别为 154.2μg/m(3)和 148.4μg/m(3)，而 PM(2.5)的平均浓度分别为 104.9μg/m(3)和 91.1μg/m(3)。PM(10)和 PM(2.5)的浓度与世界卫生组织规定的标准和印度中央污染控制委员会规定的 NAAQS 进行了比较，结果发现浓度更高。在两个监测点研究了 PM(10)和 PM(2.5)的工作日/周末变化。周末发现颗粒物污染物水平较低，这表明人为活动是工作日环境中较高颗粒物浓度的主要原因。使用研究期间 PM(10)和 PM(2.5)的日平均浓度获得了颗粒物污染物的显著季节性变化。在研究期间还确定了城市和农村地区 PM(2.5)/PM(10)的比值，这也显示了季节之间的变化。在采样点使用主成分分析确定了三个因素，包括由于车辆活动引起的道路灰尘再悬浮、固体废物焚烧和城市点的工业排放；而在农村点，由于车辆排放、建筑活动和携带工业排放的风扬尘，土壤灰尘的再悬浮是常见的来源。
