Sichieri Rosely, Moura Anibal S, Genelhu Virginia, Hu Frank, Willett Walter C
Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Sep;86(3):707-13. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.3.707.
Despite interest in the glycemic index diets as an approach to weight control, few long-term evaluations are available.
The objective was to investigate the long-term effect of a low-glycemic-index (LGI) diet compared with that of a high-glycemic-index (HGI) diet; all other dietary components were equal.
After a 6-wk run-in, we randomly assigned 203 healthy women [body mass index (in kg/m2): 23-30] aged 25-45 y to an LGI or an HGI diet with a small energy restriction. The primary outcome measure was weight change at 18 mo. Secondary outcomes included hunger and fasting insulin and lipids.
Despite requiring a run-in and the use of multiple incentives, only 60% of the subjects completed the study. The difference in glycemic index between the diets was approximately 35-40 units (40 compared with 79) during all 18 mo of follow-up, and the carbohydrate intake from energy remained at approximately 60% in both groups. The LGI group had a slightly greater weight loss in the first 2 mo of follow-up (-0.72 compared with -0.31 kg), but after 12 mo of follow-up both groups began to regain weight. After 18 mo, the weight change was not significantly different (P = 0.93) between groups (LGI: -0.41 kg; HGI: -0.26 kg). A greater reduction was observed in the LGI diet group for triacylglycerol (difference = -16.4 mg/dL; P = 0.11) and VLDL cholesterol (difference = -3.7 mg/dL; P = 0.03).
Long-term weight changes were not significantly different between the HGI and LGI diet groups; therefore, this study does not support a benefit of an LGI diet for weight control. Favorable changes in lipids confirmed previous results.
尽管血糖生成指数饮食作为一种控制体重的方法备受关注，但长期评估却很少。
研究低升糖指数（LGI）饮食与高升糖指数（HGI）饮食的长期效果对比；所有其他饮食成分均相同。
经过6周的导入期后，我们将203名年龄在25 - 45岁、体重指数（kg/m²）为23 - 30的健康女性随机分为LGI饮食组或HGI饮食组，并给予少量能量限制。主要结局指标是18个月时的体重变化。次要结局包括饥饿感、空腹胰岛素和血脂。
尽管需要导入期并使用多种激励措施，但只有60%的受试者完成了研究。在整个18个月的随访期间，两组饮食的血糖生成指数差异约为35 - 40个单位（分别为40和79），两组能量中的碳水化合物摄入量均保持在约60%。LGI组在随访的前2个月体重减轻略多（-0.72 kg对比-0.31 kg），但随访12个月后两组均开始体重回升。18个月后，两组间体重变化无显著差异（P = 0.93）（LGI组：-0.41 kg；HGI组：-0.26 kg）。LGI饮食组的三酰甘油（差异=-16.4 mg/dL；P = 0.11）和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（差异=-3.7 mg/dL；P = 0.03）下降幅度更大。
HGI饮食组和LGI饮食组的长期体重变化无显著差异；因此，本研究不支持LGI饮食对控制体重有益的观点。血脂的有利变化证实了先前的结果。
