Rosales-Meda Marleny, Estrada Alejandro, López Jorge E
Programa de Investigación y Monitoreo de la Eco-región Lachuá -PIMEL-, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Ciudad Universitaria, Guatemala.
Am J Primatol. 2008 Mar;70(3):231-7. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20479.
Guatemala harbors three species of primates (Alouatta palliata, Alouatta pigra and Ateles geoffroyi), but the distribution and state of conservation of populations of these species are poorly documented. In the case of A. pigra, populations have been studied recently and documented in several sites in Mexico and Belize, and only in one site in Guatemala (Tikal National Park). In this study, we report first-time population data for A. pigra existing in the Lachuá Eco-region in northwestern Guatemala. Surveys were conducted between September 2002 and April 2003 in the northern portion (32 km2) of the Lachuá National Park (LLNP; 145 km2) and in a fragmented landscape north of the protected area. In this latter area we surveyed a large forest fragment (17.14 km2), "Nueve Cerros", and 26 small forest fragments that ranged in size from 0.01 to 3.9 km2. Surveys resulted in a total count of 414 howler monkeys of which 403 belonged to 80 mixed-sex groups, four were solitary males, two were solitary females and five were found in two male groups. Standardized sampling effort among sites indicated 16.7 monkeys/100 survey hours at LLNP, 35.8 individuals/100 survey hours at "Nueve Cerros" and 71.0+/-62.2 individuals/100 survey hours in the forest fragments. Mean group size varied from 4.07 individuals at LLNP to 5.19 individuals in the forest fragments. Conservation problems for the black howler population surveyed are discussed, along with possible conservation scenarios.
危地马拉有三种灵长类动物（白喉卷尾猴、中美蛛猴和 Geoffroy 蜘蛛猴），但这些物种的种群分布和保护状况记录甚少。就中美蛛猴而言，近期已在墨西哥和伯利兹的多个地点对其种群进行了研究和记录，而在危地马拉仅在一个地点（蒂卡尔国家公园）有相关记录。在本研究中，我们首次报告了危地马拉西北部拉楚阿生态区中美蛛猴的种群数据。调查于 2002 年 9 月至 2003 年 4 月在拉楚阿国家公园（LLNP；145 平方公里）的北部区域（32 平方公里）以及保护区以北的破碎景观中进行。在后者区域，我们调查了一个大型森林片段（17.14 平方公里）“Nueve Cerros”以及 26 个面积从 0.01 至 3.9 平方公里不等的小型森林片段。调查共统计到 414 只吼猴，其中 403 只属于 80 个混合性别群体，4 只为独居雄性，2 只为独居雌性，5 只在两个雄性群体中被发现。各地点间标准化的采样工作显示，LLNP 每 100 个调查小时有 16.7 只猴子，“Nueve Cerros”每 100 个调查小时有 35.8 只个体，森林片段每 100 个调查小时有 71.0±62.2 只个体。平均群体规模从 LLNP 的 4.07 只个体到森林片段的 5.19 只个体不等。文中讨论了所调查的黑吼猴种群面临的保护问题以及可能的保护方案。
