O'Keefe James H, Bybee Kevin A, Lavie Carl J
Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Sep 11;50(11):1009-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.04.089.
An extensive body of data shows concordant J-shaped associations between alcohol intake and a variety of adverse health outcomes, including coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, stroke, dementia, Raynaud's phenomenon, and all-cause mortality. Light to moderate alcohol consumption (up to 1 drink daily for women and 1 or 2 drinks daily for men) is associated with cardioprotective benefits, whereas increasingly excessive consumption results in proportional worsening of outcomes. Alcohol consumption confers cardiovascular protection predominately through improvements in insulin sensitivity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The ethanol itself, rather than specific components of various alcoholic beverages, appears to be the major factor in conferring health benefits. Low-dose daily alcohol is associated with better health than less frequent consumption. Binge drinking, even among otherwise light drinkers, increases cardiovascular events and mortality. Alcohol should not be universally prescribed for health enhancement to nondrinking individuals owing to the lack of randomized outcome data and the potential for problem drinking.
大量数据表明，酒精摄入量与多种不良健康后果之间存在一致的J形关联，这些不良健康后果包括冠心病、糖尿病、高血压、充血性心力衰竭、中风、痴呆、雷诺现象和全因死亡率。轻度至中度饮酒（女性每天最多饮用1杯，男性每天饮用1或2杯）与心脏保护益处相关，而饮酒量的不断增加会导致相应的不良后果恶化。饮酒主要通过改善胰岛素敏感性和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇来赋予心血管保护作用。乙醇本身而非各种酒精饮料的特定成分似乎是带来健康益处的主要因素。每日低剂量饮酒比不频繁饮酒对健康更有益。即使是原本轻度饮酒者，暴饮也会增加心血管事件和死亡率。由于缺乏随机对照结果数据以及存在饮酒问题的可能性，不应向不饮酒者普遍推荐饮酒以增进健康。
