Rahelić Valentina, Perković Tomislav, Romić Lucija, Perković Pavo, Klobučar Sanja, Pavić Eva, Rahelić Dario
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Analitycs Tehniqnes, University of Applied Health Sciences, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Dec 12;12(24):2520. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12242520.
Behavioral factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, poor diet, and physical inactivity, but also sleep deprivation and negative social connections, play a critical role in the development and progression of major chronic diseases. These include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory conditions, and cancers. : The objective of this review is to explore the influence of these modifiable risk factors on the global burden of chronic diseases and assess the potential impact of public health interventions and policy changes. The evidence highlights a significant association between behavioral risk factors and increased morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases. Public health interventions and policy changes targeting these modifiable behaviors have shown substantial potential in reducing the prevalence and impact of chronic conditions. Strategies such as smoking cessation programs, dietary improvements, physical activity promotion, and stress reduction are critical in mitigating these risks. Addressing modifiable behavioral factors is essential for the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Bridging the gap between current knowledge and effective implementation of interventions is crucial for improving population health outcomes. Public health strategies focused on modifying key behavioral risks can significantly reduce the burden of chronic diseases, thereby improving overall health and reducing healthcare costs.
行为因素，如吸烟、饮酒、压力、不良饮食和缺乏身体活动，还有睡眠不足和负面社交关系，在主要慢性病的发生和发展中起着关键作用。这些疾病包括心血管疾病、糖尿病、慢性呼吸道疾病和癌症。本综述的目的是探讨这些可改变的风险因素对全球慢性病负担的影响，并评估公共卫生干预措施和政策变化的潜在影响。证据表明，行为风险因素与慢性病发病率和死亡率增加之间存在显著关联。针对这些可改变行为的公共卫生干预措施和政策变化已显示出在降低慢性病患病率和影响方面的巨大潜力。戒烟计划、改善饮食、促进身体活动和减轻压力等策略对于降低这些风险至关重要。解决可改变的行为因素对于慢性病的预防和控制至关重要。弥合当前知识与有效实施干预措施之间的差距对于改善人群健康结果至关重要。专注于改变关键行为风险的公共卫生策略可以显著减轻慢性病负担，从而改善整体健康状况并降低医疗成本。
