Betz Marian, Li Guohua
Harvard Affiliated Emergency Medicine Residency, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, One Deaconess Road, West Clinical Center 2, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2007 Aug;25(3):901-14, xi. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2007.06.009.
Injuries remain the leading cause of death of Americans ages 1 to 44 years, and prevention is an essential companion to injury treatment. Effective injury prevention begins with an understanding of epidemiologic issues, such as injury classification, demographic patterns, data sources for research, and general prevention strategies. Emergency physicians can help to reach national goals for injury prevention, as outlined in Healthy People 2010, through patient education, surveillance system enhancement, and ongoing research in treatment and outcomes. Interventions for certain injury problems, including violence, falls, traffic injuries, and alcohol abuse, can be implemented in emergency departments. Although great progress has occurred in injury prevention in the United States, physicians have an integral role in ongoing efforts, through patient education, use of social resources, design of intervention programs, research, and policy development.
伤害仍是1至44岁美国人的首要死因，预防是伤害治疗的重要辅助手段。有效的伤害预防始于对流行病学问题的理解，如伤害分类、人口模式、研究数据来源和一般预防策略。急诊医生可以通过患者教育、加强监测系统以及持续开展治疗和结果研究，来帮助实现《2010年美国人健康计划》中概述的全国伤害预防目标。针对某些伤害问题的干预措施，包括暴力、跌倒、交通伤害和酗酒等，可在急诊科实施。尽管美国在伤害预防方面已取得巨大进展，但医生在持续的努力中仍发挥着不可或缺的作用，通过患者教育、利用社会资源、设计干预项目、开展研究以及制定政策等方式。
