Nishtar Sania, Mohamud Khalif Bile, Razzak Junaid, Ghaffar Abdul, Ahmed Ashfaq, Khan Shahzad Ali, Mirza Yasir Abbas
J Pak Med Assoc. 2004 Dec;54(12 Suppl 3):S57-68.
The National Action Plan for Non-communicable Disease Prevention, Control and Health Promotion in Pakistan (NAP-NCD) incorporates prevention of injuries into a comprehensive NCD prevention effort. This encompasses the prevention of road traffic crashes (RTC)s, occupational injuries, falls, burns and other injuries. In this programme, surveillance of injuries--as part of comprehensive population-based NCD surveillance system, supplemented by multiple data sources--has been stipulated as an entry point, to injury prevention and control efforts. Actions areas for preventing RTCs include interventions to improve road safety education, identification and implementation of safety measures for traffic black-spots, enforcement of seatbelt and helmet laws and the development and implementation of highway ordinances. Recommendations have also been made to establish a road safety committee and to facilitate inter-sectoral action. It has also been deemed essential to enact and enforce legislation on locally manufactured vehicles, regulate drivers' training and licensing and evaluation of Highway Police Force from a performance and fiscal perspective. To prevent worksite injuries, a national consensus has been achieved to develop a comprehensive policy and to enact and enforce legislation for occupational health and safety; to include preventive health in the mandate of organizations dealing with worksite safety and to study patterns of occupational injuries and their determinants with a view to defining precise targets for preventive interventions. In addition NAP-NCD makes a strong case for the establishment of a National Safety Commission, the development of product safety standards for household usage, enforcement of legislation on building safety, and efforts to improve trauma care to the extent that a credible, cost-effective analysis suggests. It also calls for the need to formally evaluate interventions to reduce all forms of violence in Pakistan. Building capacity in the health system for injury prevention and building partnerships for sustainable outcomes in injury prevention have also been defined as priority areas.
巴基斯坦《非传染性疾病预防、控制及健康促进国家行动计划》（NAP-NCD）将伤害预防纳入全面的非传染性疾病预防工作中。这包括预防道路交通碰撞事故、职业伤害、跌倒、烧伤及其他伤害。在该计划中，作为基于人群的全面非传染性疾病监测系统的一部分，并辅以多个数据来源的伤害监测，已被规定为伤害预防与控制工作的切入点。预防道路交通碰撞事故的行动领域包括采取干预措施，以加强道路安全教育、识别并实施交通黑点的安全措施、执行安全带和头盔法律，以及制定并实施公路条例。还建议成立道路安全委员会，并促进跨部门行动。从性能和财政角度对当地制造的车辆制定并执行相关立法、规范驾驶员培训与执照发放以及评估公路警察部队，也被视为至关重要。为预防工作场所伤害，已达成全国共识，即制定一项全面政策，并制定和执行职业健康与安全立法；将预防性健康纳入负责工作场所安全的组织的职责范围，并研究职业伤害模式及其决定因素，以便确定预防干预的精确目标。此外，《非传染性疾病预防、控制及健康促进国家行动计划》有力地主张设立一个国家安全委员会、制定家用产品安全标准、执行建筑安全立法，并在可信的成本效益分析表明可行的范围内努力改善创伤护理。它还呼吁有必要对减少巴基斯坦境内一切形式暴力的干预措施进行正式评估。加强卫生系统在伤害预防方面的能力以及建立伙伴关系以实现伤害预防的可持续成果，也被确定为优先领域。
