Vue Houa, Reicks Marla
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
J Nutr Educ Behav. 2007 Sep-Oct;39(5):264-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2007.03.092.
To identify individual and environmental factors affecting intake of calcium-rich food and beverages by early adolescent Hmong girls.
Cross-sectional survey of girls, in-depth interviews with parents.
Girl Scout and 4-H programs in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area.
Convenience samples of 10-13-year-old Hmong girls (n = 102) and their parents (n = 20).
Spearman correlation analysis, constant comparative method.
Individual and environmental factors for girls and reported intake of calcium-rich food and beverages.
Few girls observed parents drinking milk or were encouraged by parents to drink milk. Many reported low intake of milk with dinner meals and snacks. Only one third reported that calcium-rich food such as yogurt, cheese, and tofu were available at home, and intake of these food items was associated with availability. Parents accommodated child preferences and had few expectations for their child to eat certain calcium-rich food items. Parents did not commonly consume dairy products but indicated they made milk available for children. Knowledge of calcium requirements was limited, but most parents related calcium to bone health.
Environmental factors may limit calcium intake by Hmong girls. Education should involve parents and children and address environmental factors that affect intake.
确定影响苗族少女青春期早期钙丰富食物和饮料摄入量的个体及环境因素。
对女孩进行横断面调查，对家长进行深入访谈。
明尼阿波利斯/圣保罗大都市地区的女童军和4-H项目。
10至13岁苗族女孩（n = 102）及其家长（n = 20）的便利样本。
斯皮尔曼相关性分析、持续比较法。
女孩的个体及环境因素以及报告的钙丰富食物和饮料摄入量。
很少有女孩看到父母喝牛奶或受到父母鼓励喝牛奶。许多人报告晚餐和零食时牛奶摄入量低。只有三分之一的人报告家里有酸奶、奶酪和豆腐等富含钙的食物，这些食物的摄入量与可获得性有关。父母顺应孩子的喜好，对孩子吃某些富含钙的食物期望不高。父母通常不食用乳制品，但表示会为孩子提供牛奶。对钙需求的了解有限，但大多数家长将钙与骨骼健康联系起来。
环境因素可能限制苗族女孩的钙摄入量。教育应涉及家长和孩子，并解决影响摄入量的环境因素。
