Ranganathan Rajiv, Carlton Les G
Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
J Mot Behav. 2007 Sep;39(5):369-80. doi: 10.3200/JMBR.39.5.369-380.
The authors examined 10 expert and 10 novice baseball batters' ability to distinguish between a fastball and a change-up in a virtual environment. They used 2 different response modes: (a) an uncoupled response in which the batters verbally predicted the type of pitch and (b) a coupled response in which the batters swung a baseball bat to try and hit the virtual ball. The authors manipulated visual information from the pitcher and ball in 6 visual conditions. The batters were more accurate in predicting the type of pitch when the response was uncoupled. In coupled responses, experts were better able to use the first 100 ms of ball flight independently of the pitcher's kinematics. In addition, the skilled batters' stepping patterns were related to the pitcher's kinematics, whereas their swing time was related to ball speed. Those findings suggest that specific task requirements determine whether a highly coupled perception-action environment improves anticipatory performance. The authors also highlight the need for research on interceptive actions to be conducted in the performer's natural environment.
作者研究了10名专业棒球击球手和10名新手棒球击球手在虚拟环境中区分快球和变速球的能力。他们使用了两种不同的反应模式：(a) 非耦合反应，即击球手口头预测投球类型；(b) 耦合反应，即击球手挥动棒球棒试图击打虚拟球。作者在6种视觉条件下操纵了来自投手和球的视觉信息。当反应为非耦合时，击球手预测投球类型的准确性更高。在耦合反应中，专业击球手能够更好地独立于投手的运动学利用球飞行的前100毫秒。此外，熟练击球手的脚步模式与投手的运动学有关，而他们的挥棒时间与球速有关。这些发现表明，特定的任务要求决定了高度耦合的感知-行动环境是否能提高预期表现。作者还强调了在表演者的自然环境中进行拦截动作研究的必要性。
