Hinz Matthias, Lehmann Nico, Musculus Lisa
Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jun 6;13:873474. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.873474. eCollection 2022.
Expert athletes are determined to make faster and better decisions, as revealed in several simple heuristic studies using verbal reports or micro-movement responses. However, heuristic decision-making experiments that require motor responses, also being considered as the embodied-choice experiments, are still underrepresented. Furthermore, it is less understood how decision time and confidence depend on the type of embodied choices players make. To scrutinize the decision-making processes (i.e., decision time, decision confidence), this study investigated the embodied choices of male athletes with different expertise in a close-to-real-life environment; 22 elite ( = 17.59 yrs., = 3.67), and 22 amateur ( = 20.71 yrs., = 8.54) team handball players performed a sport-specific embodied-choice test. Attack sequences ( = 32) were shown to the players, who had to choose between four provided options by giving a respective sport-specific motor response. We analyzed the frequencies of and the , as well as the respective decision time and decision confidence. Elite and amateur players differed in the frequencies of choices (i.e., forward/tackling; passive blocking), and elite players made the more often. Slower decision times of elite players were revealed in and in , the confidence of decisions was rated equally high by both player groups. Indications are provided that elite players make better choices rather slower, instead of faster. We suppose this is due to specific sensorimotor interactions and speed-accuracy-tradeoffs in favor of accuracy in elite players. Our findings extend expert decision-making research by using an embodied-choice paradigm, highlighting considerations of decision time and confidence in future experiments.
正如在几项使用口头报告或微动作反应的简单启发式研究中所揭示的那样，优秀运动员决心做出更快、更好的决策。然而，需要运动反应的启发式决策实验，也被视为具身选择实验，其研究仍然较少。此外，对于决策时间和信心如何取决于运动员所做的具身选择类型，人们了解得更少。为了仔细研究决策过程（即决策时间、决策信心），本研究在接近现实生活的环境中调查了具有不同专业水平的男性运动员的具身选择；22名精英（年龄 = 17.59岁，标准差 = 3.67）和22名业余（年龄 = 20.71岁，标准差 = 8.54）团队手球运动员进行了一项特定于运动项目的具身选择测试。向运动员展示了进攻序列（n = 32），他们必须通过做出相应的特定于运动项目的运动反应，在四个给定选项之间进行选择。我们分析了正确和错误选择的频率，以及各自的决策时间和决策信心。精英和业余运动员在正确选择（即向前/抢断；被动阻挡）的频率上存在差异，精英运动员做出正确选择的频率更高。在正确选择和错误选择中，都揭示出精英运动员的决策时间较慢，两个运动员群体对决策信心的评分同样高。有迹象表明，精英运动员做出的选择更好，但速度较慢，而不是更快。我们认为这是由于精英运动员中特定的感觉运动相互作用以及速度 - 准确性权衡有利于准确性。我们的研究结果通过使用具身选择范式扩展了专家决策研究，强调了在未来实验中对决策时间和信心的考虑。
