Huesmann Kim, Loffing Florian
Department of Sport and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Section Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2024 Jul 23;15:1396873. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1396873. eCollection 2024.
Anticipation is key to performance in many sports. By definition, anticipation as a perceptual-cognitive process is meant to inform action and help athletes reduce potential motor costs under spatiotemporal pressure. Anticipation research has repeatedly been criticized for neglecting action and raised the need for predominant testing under conditions of perception-action coupling (PAC). To the best of our knowledge, however, there is a lack of explicit criteria to characterize and define PAC conditions. This can lead to blurred terminology and may complicate interpretation and comparability of PAC conditions and results across studies. Here, we make a first proposal for a 7-level classification of PAC conditions with the defining dimensions of stimulus presentation and response mode. We hope this classification may constitute a helpful orientation for study planning and reporting in research on anticipation. Further, we illustrate the potential utilization of the PAC classification as a template for experimental protocol analysis in a review on anticipation in racket sports. Analysis of = 115 studies reported in = 91 articles confirms an underrepresentation of representative PAC conditions and reveals little change in PAC approaches over more than 40 years of research in that domain. We discuss potential reasons for these findings, the benefits of adopting the proposed PAC classification and reiterate the call for more action in anticipation research.
预判是许多体育运动中表现的关键。根据定义，预判作为一种感知认知过程，旨在为行动提供信息，并帮助运动员在时空压力下降低潜在的运动成本。预判研究一再因忽视行动而受到批评，并提出了在感知 - 行动耦合（PAC）条件下进行主要测试的必要性。然而，据我们所知，缺乏明确的标准来表征和定义PAC条件。这可能导致术语模糊，并可能使PAC条件及研究结果的解释和可比性复杂化。在此，我们首次提出了一种基于刺激呈现和反应模式的定义维度对PAC条件进行7级分类的建议。我们希望这种分类可为预判研究中的研究规划和报告提供有益的指导。此外，我们在一项关于球拍运动预判的综述中，说明了PAC分类作为实验方案分析模板的潜在用途。对91篇文章中报告的115项研究的分析证实，代表性PAC条件的呈现不足，并揭示在该领域40多年的研究中，PAC方法几乎没有变化。我们讨论了这些发现的潜在原因、采用所提出的PAC分类的好处，并再次呼吁在预判研究中采取更多行动。
