Montella Isabela Reis, Martins Ademir Jesus, Viana-Medeiros Priscila Fernandes, Lima José Bento Pereira, Braga Ima Aparecida, Valle Denise
Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Sep;77(3):467-77.
In Brazil, Aedes aegypti resistance to temephos, used since 1967, was detected in several municipalities in 2000. Organophosphates were substituted by pyrethroids against adults and, in some localities, by Bti against larvae. However, high temephos resistance ratios were still detected between 2001 and 2004. Field-simulated assays confirmed a low temephos residual effect. Acethylcholinesterase and Mixed Function Oxidase profiles were not altered. In contrast, higher Esterase activity, studied with three substrates, was found in all examined populations collected in 2001. From 2001 to 2004, a slight reduction in alpha-Esterase (EST) and beta-EST activity together with a gradual increase of p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA)-EST was noted. Gluthathione-S-transferase alteration was encountered only in the northeast region in 2001, spreading the entire country thereafter. In general, except for alpha-EST and beta-EST, only one enzyme class was altered in each mosquito specimen. Data are discussed in the context of historic application of insecticides in Brazil.
在巴西，自1967年起就开始使用的杀螟硫磷，于2000年在多个城市检测到埃及伊蚊对其产生了抗性。有机磷类杀虫剂被拟除虫菊酯类用于防治成蚊，在一些地区，还使用苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种防治幼虫。然而，在2001年至2004年期间，仍检测到较高的杀螟硫磷抗性比率。田间模拟试验证实杀螟硫磷的残留效果较低。乙酰胆碱酯酶和混合功能氧化酶的图谱未发生改变。相比之下，在2001年采集的所有检测种群中，用三种底物研究发现酯酶活性较高。从2001年到2004年，观察到α-酯酶（EST）和β-酯酶活性略有下降，同时对硝基苯乙酸酯（PNPA）-酯酶逐渐增加。谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的改变仅在2001年于东北地区出现，此后蔓延至全国。总体而言，除了α-酯酶和β-酯酶外，每个蚊虫样本中只有一类酶发生了改变。结合巴西杀虫剂的历史应用情况对数据进行了讨论。
