Gasbarrini Antonio, Lauritano Ernesto Cristiano, Gabrielli Maurizio, Scarpellini Emidio, Lupascu Andrea, Ojetti Veronica, Gasbarrini Giovanni
Internal Medicine Department, Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Dig Dis. 2007;25(3):237-40. doi: 10.1159/000103892.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a clinical condition characterized by a malabsorption syndrome due to an increase in microorganisms within the small intestine. The main mechanisms restricting bacterial colonization in the upper gut are the gastric acid barrier, mucosal and systemic immunity and intestinal clearance. When these mechanisms fail, bacterial overgrowth develops. Diarrhea, steatorrhea, chronic abdominal pain, bloating and flatulence are common symptoms and are similar to those observed in irritable bowel syndrome. Breath tests (glucose and/or lactulose breath tests) have been proposed as a sensitive and simple tool for the diagnosis of bacterial overgrowth, being non-invasive and inexpensive compared to the gold standard represented by the culture of intestinal aspirates. Antibiotic therapy is the cornerstone of SIBO treatment. Current SIBO treatment is based on empirical courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics since few controlled studies concerning the choice and duration of antibiotic therapy are available at present.
小肠细菌过度生长（SIBO）是一种临床病症，其特征为由于小肠内微生物增加而导致的吸收不良综合征。限制细菌在上消化道定植的主要机制是胃酸屏障、黏膜和全身免疫以及肠道清除功能。当这些机制失效时，就会发生细菌过度生长。腹泻、脂肪泻、慢性腹痛、腹胀和肠胃胀气是常见症状，与肠易激综合征中观察到的症状相似。呼气试验（葡萄糖和/或乳果糖呼气试验）已被提议作为诊断细菌过度生长的一种敏感且简单的工具，与以肠道抽吸物培养为代表的金标准相比，它具有非侵入性且成本低廉的特点。抗生素治疗是SIBO治疗的基石。目前SIBO的治疗基于经验性使用广谱抗生素疗程，因为目前关于抗生素治疗的选择和疗程的对照研究很少。
