Science. 1988 Sep 9;241(4871):1322-5. doi: 10.1126/science.241.4871.1322.
Voyager images of the uranian satellites Ariel and Miranda show flow features with morphologies indicating that ice has been extruded to the satellites' surfaces in the solid state. These images provide the first observational evidence for solid-state ice volcanism in the solar system. Topographic profiles have been measured across a number of flow features on Ariel. With a simple model of extrusion, spreading, and cooling of a viscous flow, the initial viscosity of the flow material is found to have been no more than about 10(16) poise, far lower than expected for H(2)O ice at the ambient surface temperatures in the uranian system. Sharply reduced viscosities may have resulted from incorporation of ices like NH(3) or CH(4) in the uranian satellites.
旅行者号对天王星卫星 Ariel 和 Miranda 的图像显示出具有形态学特征的流动特征，表明冰已经以固态被挤出到卫星表面。这些图像为太阳系中固态冰火山提供了第一个观测证据。已经在 Ariel 上的一些流动特征上测量了地形剖面。通过对粘性流的挤出、扩展和冷却的简单模型，发现流动物质的初始粘度不超过约 10^16 泊，远低于天王星系统环境表面温度下 H2O 冰的预期值。粘度的急剧降低可能是由于在天王星卫星中掺入了 NH3 或 CH4 等冰。
