Krug E C, Frink C R
Science. 1983 Aug 5;221(4610):520-5. doi: 10.1126/science.221.4610.520.
Acid rain is widely believed to be responsible for acidifying soil and water in areas of North America and northern Europe. However, factors commonly considered to make landscapes susceptible to acidification by acid rain are the same factors long known to strongly acidify soils through the natural processes of soil formation. Recovery from extreme and widespread careless land use has also occurred in regions undergoing acidification. There is evidence that acidification by acid rain is superimposed on long-term acidification induced by changes in land use and consequent vegetative succession. Thus, the interactions of acid rain, acid soil, and vegetation need to be carefully examined on a watershed basis in assessing benefits expected from proposed reductions in emissions of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen.
人们普遍认为酸雨是北美和北欧地区土壤和水体酸化的罪魁祸首。然而，通常被认为会使景观易于受到酸雨酸化影响的因素，正是长期以来通过土壤形成的自然过程使土壤强烈酸化的相同因素。在正在经历酸化的地区，因极端和广泛的粗放土地利用而造成的破坏也已得到恢复。有证据表明，酸雨造成的酸化叠加在土地利用变化及随之而来的植被演替所导致的长期酸化之上。因此，在评估预期从提议减少硫氧化物和氮氧化物排放中获得的益处时，需要在流域基础上仔细研究酸雨、酸性土壤和植被之间的相互作用。
