Science. 1987 Oct 2;238(4823):64-7. doi: 10.1126/science.238.4823.64.
Insectivorous bats have influenced the development of antipredator behavior in moths, green lacewings, crickets, and mantids; until recently, such adaptations were unknown in katydids. Foliage-gleaning bats in Panama can use the female-attracting, airborne calling songs of nocturnal katydids to locate prey. They also feed heavily on these insects. Katydid species sympatric with these bats exhibit markedly reduced calling song duty cycles. Males supplement shortened songs with complex, species-specific tremulations that generate vibrations that are inaudible to bats but reach conspecific females through a shared plant substrate. Female katydids do not call audibly but are also preyed on in large numbers, perhaps as a result of moving toward calling males.
食虫蝙蝠影响了蛾、绿蝽、蟋蟀和螳螂的捕食防御行为的发展；直到最近，这种适应在蝉中还不为人知。巴拿马的食叶蝙蝠可以利用夜间蝉的雌性吸引、空中鸣叫的叫声来定位猎物。它们也大量以这些昆虫为食。与这些蝙蝠同域分布的蝉表现出明显减少鸣叫的鸣叫周期。雄性蝉用复杂的、特有的震颤来补充缩短的歌声，这些震颤产生的振动对蝙蝠是不可听的，但通过共享的植物基质传递给同种的雌性蝉。雌性蝉不会发出可听见的叫声，但也会被大量捕食，也许是因为它们向鸣叫的雄性蝉移动。
