Prewitt C T, Coppens P, Phillips J C, Finger L W
Science. 1987 Oct 16;238(4825):312-9. doi: 10.1126/science.238.4825.312.
Several high-intensity synchrotron x-ray sources have been constructed over the past few years in the United States, West Germany, Great Britain, Japan, France, Italy, and the Soviet Union. Crystallographers have begun to use these facilities for experiments that take advantage of the characteristics of synchrotron radiation, namely, a broad distribution of wavelengths, high intensity, low divergence, strong polarization, and a pulsed time structure. In addition to more familiar diffraction experiments on single crystals and powdered samples, new types of crystallographic studies, for example, energy-dispersive and surface diffraction studies, have progressed rapidly with more general accessibility of synchrotron sources. These high-intensity sources allow diffraction experiments to be performed on very small crystals or on large biological molecules, and permit weak magnetic scattering to be detected Anomalous dispersion experiments can exploit he ability to vary the wavelength of the radiation, and the pulsed time structure of the beam makes possible fast time-resolved experiments. Because of the availability of synchrotron x-radiation, these and other kinds of experiments will be in the forefront of crystallographic research for the next several years.
在过去几年里，美国、西德、英国、日本、法国、意大利和苏联都建造了几台高强度同步加速器X射线源。晶体学家们已开始利用这些设施开展实验，这些实验利用了同步辐射的特性，即波长分布广泛、强度高、发散度低、偏振性强以及脉冲时间结构。除了对单晶和粉末样品进行更为常见的衍射实验外，随着同步辐射源的更广泛使用，新型晶体学研究，例如能量色散和表面衍射研究，也取得了迅速进展。这些高强度源使得能够在非常小的晶体或大型生物分子上进行衍射实验，并且能够检测到微弱的磁散射。反常色散实验可以利用改变辐射波长的能力，而光束的脉冲时间结构使得快速时间分辨实验成为可能。由于同步加速器X射线的可用性，这些以及其他类型的实验在未来几年将处于晶体学研究的前沿。
