Givel Michael
Department of Political Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
Int J Health Serv. 2007;37(3):469-76. doi: 10.2190/L187-PWL4-24H1-N448.
From 1990 to 2005, U.S. state legislation on secondhand tobacco smoke significantly increased in eight put c areas: general public areas, government buildings, private workplaces, schools, child care facilities, health care facilities, restaurants, and bars. Despite the U.S. Surgeon General's proclaiming in 2006 that "rapid progress" is being made in state legislation on clean indoor air, vigorous state smoke-free secondhand tobacco smoke legislation in six public area categories was minimal, which has favored the policy agenda of the corporate tobacco lobby. Two exceptions include smoke-free legislation for child care facilities and schools. While public interest group health advocates have traditionally used insider lobbying of public officials in the "halls of power" to pass smoke-free legislation, this should be supplemented with astute outsider advocacy tactics such as public demonstrations or issue advertisements to increase the likelihood of passage of more state-level smoke-free legislation.
从1990年到2005年，美国八个公共场所领域的二手烟草烟雾相关州立法显著增加，这些领域包括：公共场所、政府大楼、私人工作场所、学校、儿童保育设施、医疗保健设施、餐馆和酒吧。尽管美国卫生局局长在2006年宣称，各州在清洁室内空气立法方面正在取得“迅速进展”，但在六个公共场所类别中，有力的全州无烟二手烟草烟雾立法却微乎其微，这有利于烟草企业游说团体的政策议程。两个例外是儿童保育设施和学校的无烟立法。虽然公共利益团体的健康倡导者传统上通过在“权力殿堂”对政府官员进行内部游说以通过无烟立法，但这应该辅以精明的外部倡导策略，如公众示威或议题广告，以增加更多州级无烟立法获得通过的可能性。
